Table 3 Univariate analysis of predictive factors for survival in locally advanced upper rectal cancer patients (n = 207)

Radiotherapy

No/yes

0.760 (0.378–1.528)

0.495 (0.105–2.330)

1.204 (0.671–2.161)

Age

≤ 60 / > 60 years

1.413 (0.663–3.011)

0.034 (0.000–27.822)

1.623 (0.868–3.035)

Sex

Female/male

1.078 (0.560–2.074)

1.354 (0.350–5.240)

0.920 (0.513–1.651)

Pretreatment CEA level

< 5ng/ml/ ≥ 5ng/ml

2.182 (1.157–4.115)

0.133 (0.293–4.384)

2.230 (1.260–3.948)

Distance from the anal verge

≤ 12cm/ > 12cm

1.527 (0.469–4.976)

4.451 (0.937–21.136)

1.054 (0.327–3.392)

Pathological differentiation degree

High, moderate/low differentiation

4.166 (1.625–10.680)

11.655 (2.986–45.495)

2.376 (0.852–6.623)

Circumferential margin status

Positive/negative

–

–

–

Lymphovascular invasion

Yes/no

0.530 (0.186–1.512)

0.664 (0.083–5.311)

0.673 (0.266–1.704)

Perineural invasion

Yes/no

1.602 (0.218–11.760)

0.457 (0.057–3.656)

2.716 (0.374–19.717)

Number of lymph nodes dissected

< 12/ ≥ 12

1.704 (0.889–3.266)

1.081 (0.277–4.218)

1.309 (0.724–2.368)

pT stage

Tis-T3/T4

1.567 (0.784–3.129)

1.110 (0.305–4.038)

1.478 (0.817–2.677)

pN stage

N0-N1/N2

4.034 (2.145–7.587)

2.158 (0.607–7.671)

3.445 (1.955–6.073)

pTNM stage

pCR,0-II/III

3.907 (1.636–9.328)

6.292 (0.797–49.692)

3.109 (1.506–6.420)

4 ~ 6 months adjuvant chemotherapy

Yes/no

1.643 (0.832–3.245)

0.726 (0.210–2.510)

1.666 (0.905–3.068)