Table 3 Complications of ePTFE spacer placement surgery

Intraoperative complications, n (%)

None

124 (94.7)

Insufficient placement of ePTFE spacer

4 (3.1)

Damage to small intestine

4 (3.1)

Acute phase complications^a, n (%)

None

97 (74.0)

Surgical site infection

Grade 1–2

5 (3.8)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Ileus

Grade 1–2

12 (9.2)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Gastrointestinal perforation

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Intestinal necrosis

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Internal hernia

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Ascites

Grade 1–2

2 (1.5)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Abdominal pain related to ePTFE spacer

Grade 1–2

9 (6.9)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Enteritis

Grade 1–2

2 (1.5)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Urinary tract infection

Grade 1–2

4 (3.1)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Pneumonitis

Grade 1–2

1 (0.8)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Grade 1–2

1 (0.8)

Grade 3–4

0 (0)

Late phase complications^a, n (%)

None

116 (88.5)

Abscess formation

Grade 1–2

1 (0.8)

Grade 3–4

3 (2.3)

Gastrointestinal perforation

Grade 1–2

1 (0.8)

Grade 3–4

4 (3.1)

Grade 5

1 (0.8)

Refractory skin ulcer

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Bladder fistula

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

1 (0.8)

Urinary retention

Grade 1–2

0 (0)

Grade 3–4

3 (2.3)