Fig. 5
Effects of the IR-induced oxidative stress on the glutathione system in normoxia and hypoxia. A Schematic representation of some key components of the glutathione system involved in H2O2 detoxification. B Ratio of GSH/GSSG levels in normoxic and hypoxic samples at 30 min and 24 h post-IR in H460, A549 and Calu-1 cells. C Oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH = total glutathione—GSSG) glutathione levels at 24 h post-IR following incubation in normoxia and hypoxia. In B and C the data are showed as mean ± SD (n = 3, in duplicate) and were statistically compared to their respective 0 Gy (one-way ANOVA). D Relative mRNA expression levels of GPX1, GPX4, GSR, GLRX genes at 24 h post-IR. Data are presented as the ΔΔCt mean ± SEM (n = 2, each in triplicate) (one-way ANOVA). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 as compared to 0 Gy normoxia; +p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01, +++p < 0.001 as compared to 0 Gy hypoxia