Fig. 5

a Laser accelerated 15 MeV protons induced DNA DSB damage and repair detection using 53BP1 foci formation assay in AG01522B cells irradiated under hypoxic and oxic conditions. Cells were incubated under hypoxia for 4 h, irradiated, then later fixed and stained for 53BP1 foci (green) and HIF-1α (in red). b Quantification of laser -accelerated protons induced 53BP1 foci under oxic and hypoxic conditions for comparison cells in similar conditions were also irradiated with 1 Gy of 225 kVp X-rays. All the values on the graphs are shown after substracting the background control values. For each data point at least 100 cells in duplicate slides were analyzed and data is shown as an average of two independent replicates. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was analysed using Student’s un-paired T test and * represents P values ≤ 0.05, *** represents P values ≤ 0.0001; NS-non-significant