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Table 1 Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics

From: Risk factors for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Characteristic

All patients

(n = 616) (%)

Non-ORNJ

(n = 570) (%)

ORNJ

(n = 46) (%)

P value

Patient-related factors

    

Age, years [median (range)]

65 (23–89)

65.5 (23–89)

64.5 (37–82)

0.2460

Sex

    

 Male

513 (83)

473 (83)

40 (87)

 

 Female

103 (17)

97 (17)

6 (13)

0.6810

History of smoking

    

 No

464 (75)

133 (23)

7 (15)

 

 Yes

140 (23)

426 (75)

38 (83)

0.2710

 Missing

12 (2)

11 (2)

1 (2)

 

History of alcohol use

    

 No

150 (24)

139 (24)

11 (24)

 

 Yes

449 (73)

416 (73)

33 (72)

1.0000

 Missing

17 (3)

15 (3)

2 (4)

 

Diabetes mellitus

    

 No

507 (82)

470 (82)

37 (80)

 

 Yes

101 (16)

93 (16)

8 (17)

0.8350

 Missing

8 (1)

7 (1)

1 (2)

 

Performance status

    

 0

180 (29)

161 (28)

19 (41)

 

 1

286 (46)

272 (48)

14 (30)

 

 2

83 (13)

76 (13)

7 (15)

 

 3

13 (2)

13 (2)

0 (0)

0.0968

 Missing

54 (9)

48 (8)

6 (13)

 

Pre-RT dental evaluation

    

 No

128 (21)

118 (21)

10 (22)

 

 Yes

488 (79)

452 (75)

36 (78)

0.8510

Pre-RT tooth extraction

    

 No

393 (64)

368 (65)

25 (54)

 

 Yes

223 (36)

202 (35)

21 (46)

0.2020

Post-RT tooth extraction

    

 No

567 (92)

533 (94)

34 (74)

 

 Yes

49 (8)

37 (6)

12 (26)

 < 0.0001

Tumor-related factors

    

Tumor site

    

 OPC

169 (27)

147 (26)

22 (48)

 

 OC

161 (26)

143 (25)

18 (39)

 

 HPC

226 (37)

223 (39)

3 (7)

 

 NPC

42 (7)

40 (7)

2 (4)

 

 CUP

18 (3)

17 (3)

1 (2)

0.0001

T-stage

    

 T0–2

370 (60)

338 (59)

32 (70)

 

 T3–4

246 (40)

232 (41)

14 (30)

0.2110

Nodal status

    

 Negative

131 (21)

123 (22)

8 (17)

 

 Positive

485 (79)

447 (78)

38 (83)

0.5790

Treatment-related factors

    

Pre-RT surgery

    

 No

378 (61)

354 (62)

24 (52)

 

 Yes

238 (39)

216 (38)

22 (48)

0.2090

Pre-RT mandible surgery

    

 No

565 (92)

526 (92)

39 (85)

 

 Yes

51 (8)

44 (8)

7 (15)

0.0908

Induction chemotherapy

    

 No

563 (91)

520 (91)

43 (93)

 

 Yes

53 (9)

50 (9)

3 (7)

0.7870

Concurrent chemotherapy

    

 No

172 (28)

167 (29)

5 (11)

 

 Yes

444 (72)

403 (71)

41 (89)

0.0059

RT technique

    

 3D-CRT

448 (73)

409 (72)

39 (85)

 

 IMRT

168 (27)

161 (28)

7 (15)

0.0593

Total radiation dose, Gy [median (range)]

69.96 (50–75)

69.96 (50–75)

69.96 (50–70)

0.5210

  1. Fisher’s exact test p values are shown for all covariates except for age and total radiation dose (t-test)
  2. ORNJ, osteoradionecrosis of the jaw; RT, radiation therapy; OPC, oropharyngeal cancer; OC, oral cancer; HPC, hypopharyngeal cancer; NPC, nasopharyngeal cancer; CUP, cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary site; 3D-CRT, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiation therapy
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Radiation Oncology

ISSN: 1748-717X

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