Fig. 2

IBM selection using the LASSO-Cox regression model. a Ten-fold cross-validation was performed to select IBMs using LASSO method. At the optimal values of the tuning parameter (λ), the partial likelihood deviance curve was plotted versus log (λ). The dotted vertical line was set with minimum criteria, a λ value of 0.071127 with log (λ) of − 2.643291, where 11 IBMs were selected. b The coefficient profiles of 18 IBMs in the LASSO. The coefficient profile plot was generated against the log (λ) sequence. With ten-fold cross-validation, the dotted vertical line showed the non-zero coefficients selected, where eleven IBMs were selected. LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; IBMs, imaging biomarkers