Table 1 Main dosimetric findings from studies comparing 3D-CRT vs. IMRT

Goodman et al 2005 [19]: 11 pts HL and 5 pts NHL; 18–45 Gy (median 36 Gy). IMRT: 3–6 beams

MD 19.1

Dmax 35.4

MD 19.3

Dmax 36.2

MD 16.5

Dmax 37.2

MD 16.7

V20 51

MD 16.2

V20 68

MD 13.7

V20 64

Girinsky et al 2006 [20]: 12 pts HL with residual disease; 2/40 Gy IMRT: 5 beams, different angles

MeD 7.8

V30 24.7

MeD 9,1

V30 19.7

MeD 7.7

V30 14

MD 33

MD 32

MD 30

MD 11.2

V20 24.7

MD 14

V20 27.5

MD 12.8

V20 24.5

MeD 0.3

V20 4.8

V5 8

MeD 0.7

V20 4.2

V5 17

MeD 1.2

V20 3.5

V5 26

Nieder et al 2007 [21]: IMRT: 7-field coplanar

2/30 Gy

Med 0.1–30; V30 2–46; V7.5 27–94; V4.5 29–96

Med 0.1–18.6; V30 4–20; V7.5 26–93; V4.5 31–96

Med 0.1–12.6; V30 4–9; V7.5 20–67; V4.5 25–80

Med 23.4–28.5; V30 0–90; V7.5 69–100

Med 21.3–28.5; V30 0–23; V7.5 72–100

Med 11.1–15.9; V30 0–3; V7.5 70–88

Right-left: MD 1.5–2.4; V20 24–32; V30 15–20

Right-left MD 16.2–16.2; V20 20–26; V30 8–11

Right-left MD 13.8–13.2; V20 23–27; V30 3–6

Right:MeD 0.9, V25 5, V5 12. Left: MeD 0.9, V25 7, V5 15

Right: MeD 1.5, V25 19, V5 46.

Left: MeD 1.5, V25 24, V5 48

Right: MeD 5.1, V25 1, V5 100.

Left: MeD 4.8, V25 1, V5 100

Chera et al 2009 [22]: nine stage II HL; INRT 2/30 Gy.

IMRT: 5 equally spaced beams

MD 4.8

V4 20.7

V10 15.3

V20 11.2

V30 6.2

MD 5.4

V4 37.5

V10 21.1

V20 6.8

V30 0.8

MD 1.9

V4 7.9

V10 6.5

V24 3.6

V30 0.8

MD 3.7

V4 25.3

V10 16.8

V24 1.6

V30 0.3

MD 7.1

V4 28.2

V10 21

V24 14

V30 5.3

MD 9.1

V4 44.6

V10 34.4

V24 15.9

V30 4.6

Cella et al 2010 [23]: 10 pts supra-diaphragmatic HL; 1.5/30 Gy.

Forward planned IMRT

MD 21.2

Dmax 32.3

MD 21.8

Dmax 32.4

MD 16.5

V20 45.4

V30 28.5

MD 16.2

V20 45.1

V30 23.4

MD 8.9

V20 21.2

Dmax 34.2

MD 7.4

V20 20.7

Dmax 33

MD 27.7

V30 79

Dmax 33.3

MD 25.3

V30 20.8

Dmax 30.8

Weber et al [24]: 10 early-stage supra-diaphragmatic HD female patients; 2/30 Gy IFRT vs INRT

IMRT: 9 equally-spaced beams vs Rapidarc

IFRT-INRT

MD 9.1–9.1; V3 46.7–33.3;

V10 33.2–21.5

IFRT-INRT

MD 8.5/8.3–6.9/ 6.5; V3 67.4/67.7–57.9/ 18.8;

V10 34.2/31.4–25.9/ 3.7

IFRT-INRT

MD 4.9–2.5; V3 6.6–2.9;

V10 3.9–1.5

IFRT-INRT

MD 2.9/2.9–1.6/1.5; V3 25.1/24.1–14.2/13.6;

V10 9.2/6.6–3.5/2.2

IFRT-INRT

MD 22.6–15.2; V3 91.7–67.5;

V10 83.5–49.4

IFRT-INRT

MD 23.7/23.3–17.5/16.8; V3 90.8/ 91.7–84.1/ 84.3; V10 88.2/85.8–74.3/65.1

Hoppe et al 2012 [25]: 12 pts St I-III HL; 1.8/30.6–39.6 Gy. IMRT: 5–7 beams coplanar or non-coplanar

MD 19.4; V4 79.1;V10 70.5; V20 56.5; V30 38.1

MD 12.2; V4 70.6; V10 47.4; V20 28.1; V30 13.6

MD 13.2; V4 56.2; V10 44.6; V20 34.9; V30 21.6

MD 10.6; V4 65.4; V10 41.4; V20 19.9; V30 3.6

MD 5.4; V4 23.3; V10 18.8; V20 13.3; V30 8.5

MD 5.5; V4 37.4; V10 21.8; V20 8.5; V30 0.8

MD 18.8; V4 77.5 V10 62.4 V20 53.5 V30 25.8

MD 19.3; V4 98.8 V10 78.5 V20 49.8 V30 11

Koeck et al 2012 [26]: 20 pts (10 M, 10 F) early mediastinal HD; dose 2/30 Gy. IF vs IN. Coplanar IMRT

MD 17.9–9.2; V4 74.8–39.5; V10 66.9–32.6, V25 49.6–21.7

MD 13.8–7.4; V4 94.2–50.4, V10 61.7–27.8; V25 12.4–6.7

MD 10.6–8.6; V10 37.7–30.2; V20 27.8–21.9

DM 12.8–9.6; V10 58.5–39.7; V20 16–11.3

DM 4.4–3.4; V4 22.6–17.1; V10 17.1–13; V25 3.8–3.3

DM 6–4.6; V4 61.8–38.6, V10 15.8–13.7, V25 0.8–0.6

Campbell et al 2012 [27]: 10 females, stage I–IIA supra-diaphragmatic HL. INRT 1.8/30.6 Gy. IMRT: VMAT

MD 6.9; V30 11.1

MD 4.3; V30 1.6

MD 25

MD 24.7

MD 7.3; V5 28.1; V20 18.6

MD 6.9; V5 45.3; V20 8.1

MD 1.6; V5 6.1; V20 3.3

MD 2.1; V5 19.6; V20 0.2

MD 13.5; V4 53.4; V20 37.9

MD 15.5; V4 75; V20 37.7

De Sanctis et al 2012 [28]: 10 supra-diaphragmatic St. II HL. IFRT 2/30 Gy. IMRT: 5 equally spaced beams.

MD 4.3; V5 15.8; V10 12.9; V20 7.6; V30 1.3

MD 4.2; V5 25.7; V10 15.3; V20 6.5; V30 0.2

MD 9.9; V5 44; V10 39.2; V20 25.7; V30 6.2

MD 9; V5 52.8; V10 44.5; V20 23; V30 0.9

MD 6.8; Left-Right: V5 28.9–30.3; V10 20.5–23.2; V20 13.2–14.7; V30 4.7–2.6

MD 8.7; Left-Right: V5 48.1–44.8; V10 30–32.8; V20 7.8–7.9; V30 0.1–0.1

MD 1; Left-Right: V5 4.1–3.3; V10 2.1–1.7; V20 1.1–0.9; V30 0.2–0.8

MD 2.3; Left-Right: V5 20.6–17; V10 13.6–11; V20 0–0; V30 0–0

MD 15.3; V10 64.8; V20 46.4; V30 16.2

MD 21.4; V10 95; V20 54.6; V30 9.6

Fiandra et al 2012 [29]: 10 female mediastinal HL patients. INRT 2/30 Gy. IMRT: VMAT vs TD vs HT

MD 5.1

MD 3.1–4.3

MD 22.1; V20 73.5

MD 15.7–19.8; V20 43.1–59.1

MD 6.6; V5 29.3; V10 22.6; V20 15.2; V30 3.5

MD 5.9–6.4; V5 26.4–39; V10 20.6–25.6; V20 7.6–15.6; V30 0.1–0.7

MD 1 Gy, V4 4.5; V10 2.5; V20 0.9; V30 0.2

MD 0.7–1.2; V4 3.7–6.2; V10 1.1–2.4; V20 0.1–1.3; V30 0–0.6

MD 17.7; V18 45.9; V25 32

MD 13.5–17.3; V18 33.4–51.3; V25 21.3–32.9

Chen et al 2012 [30]: 19 pts mediastinal HD or NHL; dose 2/36 Gy.

IMRT. Coplanar vs non-coplanar

MD 17; V30 34.5

MD 14.5–15, V30 22.4–22.1

MD 13.3; V5 50, V10 42.5 V20 32.2

MD 13.8–12.9; V5 61.2–53.9; V10 48–43.2; V20 27.9–26.9

MD 2.8; V5 12, V10 8.1, V20 6.4

MD 3.3–2.9; V5 16%, V10 8.4–8, V20 4–4

Cella et al 2013 [31]: three PTV scenarios, supra-diaphragmatic HD. 1.5/30 Gy.

IMRT: forward, inverse or Tomo

V25 22.5–60.5

V25 from 21 to 4.5 to 8.7–67.5

V20 12.1–30.7; MD 5.3–11.9

V20 from 15 10.1–15 to 23–28.8;

MD from 4.9–8.1 to 11.1–13.5

V30 49–93.9

V30 from 16.9–48 to 45–60

Antoni et al 2013 [32]: 13 pts supradiaphragmatic St. II HL. INRT 2/30 Gy + 2/6 Gy boost. IMRT: Helical Tomotherapy

MD 13; V20 32.2; V30 23.1

MD 11.2; V20 20.7; V30 11.1

MD 12; V5 47.1; V20 28.2; V30 19.4

MD 9.2; V5 56.4; V20 12.2; V30 4.9

MD 2.7; V5 27; V20 5.7; V25 5.1; V30 4.1

MD 4.7; V5 9.9 V20 3.9; V25 1.2; V30 0.2

MD 34.6; V30 87.7

MD 31.6; V30 72.7

Maraldo et al 2013 [7]: 27 patients, St I-II supra-diaphragmatic HL. INRT 1.8/30.6 Gy. IMRT: VMAT

MD 9.9

MD 10.1

MD 8.6

MD 11.4

MD 3.0

MD 7.5

Voong et al 2014 [33]: 9 female pts with mediastinal HL; INRT 1.8/30.6 Gy.

IMRT: butterfly, multiple arcs

MD 14.3

V30 29

V20 38.8

V5 46

MD 11.5

V30 16.8

V20 28.3

V5 42.5

MD 14.5 V30 28.5 V20 42.2 V5 51.7

MD 10.4 V30 21.5 V20 28

V5 51.8

MD 11.3 V30 19.5 V20 29.9 V5 41.1

MD 9.3

V30 4.8 V20 22.2

V5 54

Right: MD 1.9, V30 1.9,V20 3.7, V5 7.5. Left: MD 2.4, V30 2.9,V20 4.9, V5 8.4

Right: MD 2.3, V30 0.5, V20 3.8, V5 13.7.

Left: MD 2.4, V30 1.2, V20 4, V5 11.2

Aznar et al 2015 [34]: 22 pts early-stage mediastinal HL; INRT 1.8/30.6 Gy free breath vs breath hold; IMRT: different techniques

FB vs DIBH

MD: 8.7–5.4; V20 19.8–14.5

FB vs DIBH

MD: 8.1–4.5; V20 15.7–7.9

FB vs DIBH

MD: 10.3–8.2; V20 20.8–20.7

FB vs DIBH

MD: 9.8–8.2; V20 17.9–13.7

FB vs DIBH

MD: 2.3–3.2

FB vs DIBH

MD: 4.2–4.8

FB vs DIBH

MD: 22.1–25.9

FB vs DIBH

MD: 25.4–28.2

Kriz et al 2015 [35]: 11 pts mediastinal early HL; 1.8/30.6 Gy INRTvs IFRT, DIBH vs free breath. IMRT: 5 beams vs 7 equally spaced beams.

MD 4–12.6

MD 4.1–15.4

MD 5.9–9.1; V10 18.3–32.6; V20 14.1–25.4

MD 6.5–13; V10 25.8–57.8; V20 9.5–24.1

Left: MD 2–4.5; Right: 0.6–1.5

Left: MD 2.4–7.4; Right: 1.2–5.5

Besson et al 2016 [36]: 69 pts with HL or NHL; doses calculated for 2/30 Gy. IMRT: Tomotherapy

MD 11.7 MeD 8.4 V4 45

V20 34.1 V30 16.6

MD 9

MeD 7

V4 51.2 V20 18.6 V30 3.4

MD 9.6 MeD 8.7 V4 42.4

V20 25.6 V30 9.8

MD 9.5 MeD 11.1 V4 62

V20 16.2 V30 2.3

Horn et al 2016 [37]: 14 females with stage II mediastinal HL. ISRT 2/30 Gy. IMRT: Tomotherapy

MD 11.3; Dmax 30.9; V4 41.8; V10 36.7; V20 31.1; V30 11.8

MD 8.5; Dmax 30.8; V4 46.2; V10 33.8; V20 23.4; V30 10.1

Left-Right MD 9.4–7.5; V4 41.3–33.6; V10 31.7–24.7; V20 25.4–18.6; V30 10.1–6.5

Left-Right MD 8.6–7.8; V4 56.4–55.2; V10 36.2–30.8; V20 13.8–12; V30 0.3–0.7

Left MD 5.6; V4 22.8; V10 18.6; V20 14.6; V30 4.9 Right MD 3.6; V4 14.8

Left MD 4.9; V4 36; V10 19.9; V20 4.2; V30 0.2 Right MD 3.8; V4 33.4

Higby et al 2016 [38]: 11 pts HL st. I-II; ISRT 1.8/30.6–36 Gy.

IMRT: VMAT

MD 15.8 V30 24.7

MD 12.8 V30 17.7

MD 13 V20 35.4

V5 52.6

MD 11.9 V20 20.8 V5 67.8

Left:V5 5.3, V10 4.5

Right: V5 4.6, V10 1.3

Left: V5 39.5, V10 17.7

Right: V5 32.4, V10 11.2%.