Fig. 1

Clinical features of the patient. a Pathological features: hypertrophic shuttle fibroblasts scattered in the distribution of multicore giant cells; cells of different sizes; cells with small nuclei; no overtly mitotic cells; visible interstitial bleeding. b Pretreatment computed tomography (CT): the lesion involved in the right nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, right frontal lobe, right eye, and skull base bone. c Pretreatment MRI: isointense signals on T1-weighted imaging and more heterogeneous signals on T2-weighted imaging. The lesion primarily involved the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, bilateral ethmoid sinus, extraocular muscles, and frontal lobe of the parenchyma. Additionally, the bilateral ventricle was compressed. d Posttreatment MRI scan: right nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and right side of the skin showed mixed T1 and T2 signals, and the edge was unclear; uneven signals showed enhanced abnormalities of the signal and unevenness near the maxillofacial bone; right frontal sinus expansion was observed, and the sinus cavity showed irregular cystic short T1 and slight T2 signals. The right frontal sinus showed an abnormal signal, which was considered a “mucous cyst”. e Pretreatment appearance. f Posttreatment appearance