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Table 3 The suggested asymmetrical expansion margins of ITV for target delineation of each liver segment are derived from the amplitudes of DIR from helical CT to 4DCTs

From: Quantitative analysis of respiration-induced motion of each liver segment with helical computed tomography and 4-dimensional computed tomography

Segment

Average amplitude ± SD (mm)

ITV margin (mm) (to cover more than 95% of each tumor)

Helical CT to phase 0 CT

Helical CT to phase 50 CT

LR

AP

SI

LR

AP

SI

LR

AP

SI

S1

0.8 ± 3.1

0.4 ± 1.6

− 2.5 ± 3.9

− 1.1 ± 2.2

1.4 ± 1.8

3.0 ± 3.5

− 2.2 and 2.3

− 0.4 and 2.3

−4.4 and 4.7

S2

−1.1 ± 2.5

−0.6 ± 3.7

−2.4 ± 4.9

−0.8 ± 2.6

0.6 ± 2.1

3.9 ± 4.1

− 2.3 and 0.5

−2.4 and 1.6

− 4.7 and 5.9

S3

−0.3 ± 2.9

−1.8 ± 3.1

−2.9 ± 3.5

− 0.7 ± 3.1

0.6 ± 3.0

2.9 ± 2.5

− 2.2 and 1.1

−3.3 and 2.1

− 4.6 and 4.1

S4a

0.4 ± 2.8

−1.4 ± 2.1

−0.6 ± 3.9

−1.0 ± 1.7

0.1 ± 2.4

2.4 ± 3.4

−1.8 and 1.8

−2.4 and 1.3

− 2.4 and 4.0

S4b

−0.5 ± 1.5

− 1.7 ± 2.2

−2.4 ± 3.5

− 1.8 ± 1.6

0.3 ± 2.2

2.9 ± 3.3

− 2.6 and 0.3

−2.8 and 1.4

− 4.1 and 4.5

S5

−2.2 ± 1.7

−1.4 ± 2.1

−1.9 ± 2.2

− 2.3 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 2.4

3.7 ± 2.1

−3.0 and 0.0

−2.4 and 2.9

− 3.0 and 4.7

S6

0.2 ± 4.3

− 1.2 ± 2.3

−3.2 ± 2.9

0.1 ± 4.1

1.0 ± 2.3

3.3 ± 3.7

− 1.9 and 2.3

−2.3 and 2.1

−4.6 and 5.1

S7

0.3 ± 4.2

− 1.7 ± 2.8

−3.6 ± 4.4

−1.1 ± 2.6

1.8 ± 2.1

5.0 ± 4.8

− 2.4 and 2.3

−3.1 and 2.8

−5.7 and 7.3

S8

−2.2 ± 2.5

− 1.5 ± 2.6

−1.9 ± 3.4

−1.3 ± 1.5

1.8 ± 2.5

3.2 ± 3.1

−3.4 and 0.0

−2.8 and 3.0

− 3.5 and 4.7

mean

−0.5 ± 3.1

− 1.2 ± 2.6

−2.4 ± 3.7

−1.1 ± 2.5

1.0 ± 2.4

3.4 ± 3.5

− 2.5 and 1.2

−2.5 and 2.2

− 4.2 and 5.0

  1. Abbreviations: LR = left-right; AP = anterior-posterior; SI = superior-inferior; SD = standard deviation; ITV = internal target volume; CT = computed tomography
  2. Positive values denote DIR from helical CT to 4DCT, and ITV expansion in the left, posterior, or superior directions; Negative values, right, anterior, or inferior