Table 4 Published case reports on radiotherapy for GS

Lee et al.[25]

1

50

t(9;22)(q34;q11)

CML

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

Clavicle and manubrium

15 Gy

CR

Taverna et al.[26]

1

62

-

AML-M4

Relapse after chemotherapy, BM also (+)

Left gluteal and the deeper pelvic muscles

20 Gy/10fx

PR

Au et al.[27]

1

24

del( 5)(q13; q33)

AML-M0

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

Left breast

30 Gy

PD

Pulsoni et al.[28]

1

84

-

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Skin

90 Gy/8fx

CR

Kasahara et al.[29]

1

47

der (1; 7)(q10; p 10)

Idiopathic myelofibrosis and de novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Right submandibular tumor

30 Gy

CR

Buckland et al.[30]

1

35

Normal karyotype

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

C4-6 spine

32 Gy/16fx

CR

Lee at al.[31]

1

43

-

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Maxillary gingiva

36 Gy

CR

Fleckenstein et al.[32]

1

73

Normal karyotype

AML

Found at initial presentation with BM (+)

Bilateral retrobulbar tumor

30 Gy/15fx

CR

Cozzi et al.[33]

1

39

Philadelphia positive

CML

Chronic phase

Left shoulder

21 Gy

PD

Nishimura et al.[34]

1

30

Add(3)(q27), t(8;21)(q22,q22)

AML-M2

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

Right frontal intra/extracranial tumor

16 Gy

CR

Pelosini et al.[35]

1

25

t(8,21)with AML1-ETO expression.

AML-M0

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

Left leg

40 Gy

CR

Rosenberg et al.[36]

1

8

del(7)(q22;q36),t(7;11)(p15;p15)

AML-M2

Relapse after BMT, BM also (+)

Bilateral synchronous epibulbar tumor

24 Gy/12fx

CR

Pitz et al.[37]

1

50

Normal karyotype

AML

Relapse after chemotherapy, BM also (+)

Uterus/ endometrium

30 Gy/10fx

CR

Kumar et al.[38]

1

10

-

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Left orbit

24 Gy/12fx

CR

Vassiliou et al.[39]

1

40

-

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Mediastinal lymph node

41.4 Gy/23fx

CR

Kozelj et al.[40]

1

52

t(8;21)

AML

At presentation, BM (+)

Heart

15 Gy/10fx

CR

Lee et al.[41]

1

25

45,X,-Y,del(2)(q21q31),t(5;11)(q31;q13),t(8;21)(q22;q22),t(10;19)(q22;q13.1)

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Orbit

70 Gy

PR

Mauermann et al.[42]

1

70

Normal karyotype

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Base of the skull to the upper thoracic region, including the brachial plexus

20 Gy/10fx

Good PR

Verra et al.[43]

1

45

inv(16)

AML-M4

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

L4 to S3 spine

21 Gy/7fx

PR

Antic et al.[44]

1

24

Normal karyotype

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Lumbosacral spine

40 Gy/20fx

CR

Mignano et al.[45]

1

20

-

AML-M2

Relapse after BMT, BM (-)

Left jaw

30 Gy/15fx

CR

Heart

24 Gy/12fx

CR

Kim et al.[16]

1

30

-

De novo sarcoma

At presentation, BM (-)

Uterus/cervix

30 Gy

CR

Alvarez et al.[46]

1

41

CBFβ/MYH11 fusion and inv(16) (p13q22)

AML-M2

At initial presentation, BM also (+)

Small bowel, greater omentum and peritoneum

22.4 Gy/14fx

CR

Masetti et al.[47]

1

11

11q23 rearrangement (MLL-AF10)

AML-M5

In remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, BM (-)

L1 to S3 Epidural mass

20 Gy/16fx

Good PR at the end of RT

Chak et al.[5]

33 (54 courses of radiotherapy)

1.5 - 8 1

-

28 (84.8%) acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, 11 (15.2%) chronic leukiemia

-

33% bone, 31% soft tissue, 11% lymph node, 7% spinal cord, 6% brain, 11% other sites (Mediastinal mass, 2; pelvic mass, 1; pleural mass, 1 ; spleen, 1 ; porta hepatis, I)

<1000 rad, CR 18%, 1000–1999 rad, CR 43%; 2000–2900 rad, CR 86%; >3000 rad, CR 89%

Bakst et al.[9]

22 (33 courses of radiotherapy)

Median 34 (1–71)

-

AML 19 (86%), MDS 2 (9%), Isolated Chloroma 1 (5%)

32% in remission (43% of them have GS concomitantly with marrow relapse)

39% head and neck, 24% extremity, 9% spine, 9% brain, 6% genito-urinary, 6% breast, 3% pelvis, and 3% genitourinary

Median 20 (6–36) Gy/2 Gy (1.5–4 Gy)

CR 97%