Table 1 Primary study characteristics and results
Beam modalities | Number of patients | Optimisation algorithm | Fractionation schemes | Favourable beam modality as per the specified criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hrbacek et al. 2014 [32] | 6-FF, 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 11 | AAA | 50 Gy/5 fx | 6-FFF (Target conformity) 10-FFF (BOT reduction, lower skin and peripheral dose) |
Lu et al. 2015 [36] | 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 12 | AAA | 48 Gy/4 fx, 54 Gy/3 fx, 34 Gy/ 1 fx | 6-FFF (For 48 Gy/4 fx and 54 Gy/3 fx) 10-FFF (For 34 Gy/1 fx) |
Kim et al. 2015 [27] | 6-FF, 6-FFF | 10 | AcurosXB | 48 Gy/4 fx | 6-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Zhang et al. 2015 [46] | 6 MV, 3 MV, mixed energy of 3 and 6 MV | 31 | Monte Carlo | 50 Gy/4 fx, 54 Gy/3 fx, 40 Gy/4 fx, 50 Gy/5 fx | 3 MV (Target conformity, homogeneity, and OAR sparing for physically thin patients) |
Liu et al. 2016 [24] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 98 | AcurosXB | 48 Gy/4 fx | 6-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Barbiero et al. 2016 [23] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 25 | AAA | 24 Gy/1 fx | 6-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Vieillevigne et al. 2016 [29] | Flattened 6 MV, Flattened 10 MV, 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 24 | AAA | 60 Gy/3 fx | 6-FFF, 10-FFF (Target conformity, BOT reduction, except in the case of DCA treatment of larger tumour) |
Tambe et al. 2016 [34] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 15 | AcurosXB | 18 Gy/fx, 11 Gy/fx, 7.5 Gy/fx, 6.25 Gy/fx | 10-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Aoki et al. 2017 [22] | Flattened 6 MV, Flattened 10 MV, 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 30 | Collapsed Cone | 55 Gy/4 fx | 6-FFF, 10-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Pokhrel et al. 2019 [28] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 13 | AcurosXB | 30 Gy/1 fx | 6-FFF (OAR sparing, BOT reduction) |
Vassiliev et al. 2020 [26] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 15 | AAA | 50 Gy/4 fx, 63 Gy/7 fx, 70 Gy/7 fx, | 6-FFF (Target coverage, OAR sparing) |
Akbari et al. 2021 [33] | 6-FFF,10-FFF | 73 | Collapsed Cone | 50 Gy/5 fx, 60 Gy/5 fx | 6-FFF (Target homogeneity, dose fall-off) |
Wei et al. 2022 [31] | 6 MV, 10 MV | 30 | Collapsed Cone | 48 Gy/4 fx | 6 MV (OAR sparing) |
Savanovic et al. 2022 [25] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 100 | Collapsed Cone | 60 Gy/4 fx, 60 Gy/8 fx | 6-FFF (OAR sparing, BOT reduction) |
Gasic et al. 2014 [30] | Flattened 6 MV, Flattened 10 MV, 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 20 | AAA | - | 6-FFF, 10-FFF (BOT reduction) 6-FF, 10-FF (Target homogeneity in larger tumours) |
Wu et al. 2023 [35] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 198 | Collapsed Cone | 50 Gy/5 fx | 6-FFF (OAR sparing, BOT reduction) |
Gaudreault et al. 2022 [37] | FF, FFF | 366 | - | 18–28 Gy/1 fx | FFF (BOT reduction) |
Nielsen et al. 2016 [38] | FF, FFF | 745 | Collapsed Cone | 45 Gy/3 fx | FFF (BOT reduction) |
Pokhrel et al. 2019 [39] | Flattened 6 MV, 6-FFF | 13 | AcurosXB | 30 Gy/1 fx | 6-FFF (BOT reduction) |
Miura et al. 2020 [40] | 6-FFF, 10-FFF | 10 | Collapsed Cone | 42 Gy/4 fx | 6-FFF (OAR sparing) 10-FFF (BOT reduction) |