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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the GI-BM cohort treated with GKRS

From: Concomitant radiosurgical and targeted oncological treatment improves the outcome of patients with brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancer

Variable

Time of GKRS1,

Total Sample (n = 81)

Patients with IT or TT at or after GKRS1 “IT or TT Group” (n = 21)*

Patients without IT or TT at or after GKRS1 “None Group” (n = 50)†

IT or TT vs. None Group

Age in years, median (range)

65

(35–82)

59

(41–79)

66

(35–82)

p = 0.011

Female/male ratio

23:58

7:14

15:35

p = 0.785

KPS in %, median (range)

80

(40–90)

80

(50–90)

80

(50–90)

p = 0.753

KPS groups

    

 ≥80%

44 (54%)

11 (53%)

27 (54%)

p = 1.000

 <80%

37 (46%)

10 (47%)

23 (46%)

ECM status at time of BM diagnosis

    

 Yes

71 (88%)

20 (95%)

41 (82%)

p = 0.262

 No

10 (12%)

1 (5%)

9 (18%)

GI tumor location

    

 Rectum

49 (60%)

15 (71%)

28 (56%)

p = 0.637

 Colon

11 (13%)

4 (19%)

6 (12%)

 Esophagus

9 (11%)

1 (5%)

7 (14%)

 Liver

4 (5%)

1 (5%)

2 (4%)

 Gastric

2 (3%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

 Pancreatic

2 (3%)

0 (0%)

2 (4%)

 Other

4 (5%)

0 (0%)

4 (8%)

GI tumor subtype

    

 Adenocarcinoma

63 (78%)

17 (81%)

38 (76%)

p = 0.781

 Squamous cell carcinoma

9 (11%)

2 (9%)

7 (14%)

 Neuroendocrine

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

 Hepatocellular

4 (5%)

1 (5%)

2 (4%)

 Cholangiocellular

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

 Mixed carcinoma

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

 Not known

2 (3%)

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

CNS treatment before GKRS1

    

 None

60 (74%)

14 (67%)

39 (78%)

p = 0.573

 WBRT and/or fRT

2 (3%)

1 (5%)

1 (2%)

 BM resection without RT

9 (11%)

3 (14%)

4 (8%)

 BM resection with WBRT and/or fRT

10 (12%)

3 (14%)

6 (12%)

Localization of BM at initial diagnosis

    

 Multiple

42 (52%)

9 (43%)

26 (52%)

p = 0.888

 Frontal

5 (6%)

2 (9%)

2 (4%)

 Parietal

8 (10%)

3 (14%)

5 (10%)

 Central

6 (8%)

1 (5%)

4 (8%)

 Cerebellar

14 (17%)

5 (24%)

8 (16%)

 Temporal

5 (6%)

1 (5%)

4 (8%)

 Basal ganglia

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

Predicted survival after prognostic scores in months, median (range)

    

 GPA general

3.8 (2.6–6.9)

3.8 (2.6–3.8)

3.8 (2.6–6.9)

p = 0.547

p = 0.865

p = 0.536

p = 0.259

 GPA specific

4.4 (3.1–13.5)

3.1 (3.1–13.5)

4.4 (3.1–6.9)

 RPA

4.5 (2.3–4.5)

4.5 (2.3–4.5)

4.5 (2.3–4.5)

 SIR

6 (2.1–8.8)

6 (2.1–8.8)

6 (2.1-6)

  1. Data on the treatment with IT or TT at or after GKRS1 treatment, were available from 71 patients (71/81, 88%). *baseline characteristics of patients who received IT or TT without Denosumab at or after first radiosurgical treatment (GKRS1). † baseline characteristics of patients in whom the oncological therapy status was known and who did not receive IT or TT at or after GKRS1
  2. BM brain metastasis, CNS central nervous system, ECM extracranial metastases, fRT fractionated radiotherapy, GI gastrointestinal, GKRS Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, GPA graded prognostic assessment, IT immunotherapy, KPS Karnofsky performance status scale, RPA recursive partitioning analysis, SIR Score Index for Radiosurgery, TT targeted therapy, WBRT whole brain radiation therapy.
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Radiation Oncology

ISSN: 1748-717X

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