Table 4 So far published literature on RT +/- CHT in proximal esophageal cancer
Author (publication year) | Number of patients [N] | Definition of CE | Type of treatment (RT vs RCT) | IDCT (NO vs type of ICHT) | Dose of RT (total dose/fraction) [Gy/Gy] | LC [%/time] | Acute Toxicity ≥ G3 [N] | Late Toxicity ≥ G3 [N] | Prognostic factors | Surgery [N] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mendenhall et al; 1988 [1] | 34 | NA | RT | NO | 47-75/1.7-1.9 | 25.80% | 4 | 4 | Gender | 3/34 Salvage surgery |
Stuschke et al; 1999 [16] | 17 | between cricoid and upper thoracic inlet | RCT | Leucovorin + 5FU + Cis ± Etoposide | 50/2; Boost 10/2 or 15/2x1.5; 2. Boost HDR 2x4 | 33%/2years; 19%/3years | 4 | 0 | NA | NO |
Burmeister et al; 2000 [12] | 34 | between cricoid and upper thoracic inlet. Extension allowed | RCT | NO | 50.4-65/NA | 88% | 12 | 5 | NA | NO |
Yamada et al; 2006 [15] | 27 | NA | RCT (23) | NO | 44-73.7/1.8-2 | 52% | 15 | 0 | Performance Status/Tumor lenght | NO |
Wang et al; 2006 [18] | 35 | tumor located above the carina | RCT | Various: platinum-based + 5-FU/paclitaxel/etoposide | 24.5-64.8/1.8 | 47.7%/5years | NA | NA | Dose (>50Gy) | NO |
Uno et al; 2007 [14] | 21 | cricopharyngeal muscle to thoracic inlet | RCT | NO | 40/2; Boost 20-34/NA | 52% | 9 | NA | T-Stage, initial LC | 5/21 |
Huang et al; 2008 [13] | 71 (50 curative intent) | NA | RCT | NO | 54/2.7 or 50-56/2 + Boost 14-20/2 | 37%/47% (curative group)/2years | 24/71 | NA | Gender, Age (>64) | NO |
Chou et al; 2010 [42] | 29 (14 RT) | NA | RCT | NO | 65 (60-75)/1.8-2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 15/29 |
Ma et al; 2011 [43] | 33 (69 upper thoracic esophagus) | NA | RCT | NO | 50.4 + Boost 9 or 59.4/each 1.8 (41.4), then 2x1.5 (18) | 80%/86%/3years | 61 | 28 | NA |  |
Tong et al; 2011 [7] | 107 (21 RT) | NA | RCT | NO | 40-46 or 60-68/2 | NA | 8 | NA | NA | 68/107 |
Cao et al; 2015 [28] | 115 | NA | RT (80)/RCT (35) | NO | 59.4-76/1.8-2.12 | 83%/2years | 28 | 2 | Dose (>66Â Gy) | 10/115 |
Gikka et al; 2013, [20] | 55 | cricopharyngeus muscle to thoracic inlet (ca. 15 - 18 cm from the incisors) | RCT | 5FU + leucovorin + Cis + etoposide; 5FU + leucovorin + Cis; Cis + irinotecan or taxanes | 49.8-50.4/1.8-2; Boost 56-70Gy/1.5 2×/d; HDR 2× 4-5, or 1× 7 | 55%/2years; 47%/5years | 59 | 11 | NONE | NO |
Tu et al; 2013 [44] | 36 | esophagus above tracheal eminence, and 24Â cm from incisor teeth | RCT | NO | 52-70/1.8-2 | NA | 28 | NA | NA | NO |
Cao et al; 2014 [26] | 224 (133 RT/28 preOP-RT/postOP-RT 36) | NA | RT/RCT | NO | RT 6-80; RCT 28.8-76; preOP 40-50, postOP 45-60/1.8-2.12; | 69.9%/2years | 50 | NA | Stage | 63/224 |
Ludmir et al; 2014 [45] | 37 | between the upper esophageal sphincter and the thoracic inlet | RCT | NO | 14.4-71/NA | 65.6%/5years | NA | NA | NA | NO |
Cao et al; 2015 [27] | 101 | NA | RT/RCT | NO | 60-80/1.8-2.12 | 67.4%/2years | 5 | 3 | Age, Hoarseness | NO |
Zhang et al; 2015 [29] | 102 | cricopharyngeal muscle to thoracic inlet | RCT | platinum-based (18) | 50-70/NA | 35.3%/3years | 63 | NA | Hoarseness, ICHT, hypopharingeal extension, Gender | NO |
Herrmann et al; 2016 (present study) | 55 | inferior border of the cricoid cartilage to 22 cm from incisors | RCT | Various: Cis/carboplatin,5-FU,taxotere (32) | 28-72/1.2-2; HDR-Boost: 6/3 (2) | 52%/3years | 23 | 5 | ICHT, RT dose ≥56Gy, Tumor grade | NO |