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Table 2 Normal tissue constraints

From: Variability in spine radiosurgery treatment planning – results of an international multi-institutional study

Serial tissue

Volume in cm3

Dose Max in Gy

Endpoint (> Grade 3)

Spinal cord

<0.035

14

Myelitis

 

<0.35

10

 
 

<1.2

7

 

Cauda Equina

<0.035

16

Neuritis

 

<5

14

 

Sacral Plexus

<0.035

18

Neuropathy

 

<5

14.4

 

Esophagusa

<0.035

16

stenosis/fistula

 

<5

11.9

 

Heart/Pericardium

<0.035

22

Pericarditis

 

<15

16

 

Great vesselsa

<0.035

37

Aneurysm

 

<10

31

 

Tracheaa and Larynx

<0.035

20.2

stenosis/fistula

 

<4

10.5

 

Skin

<0.035

26

Ulceration

 

<10

23

 

Stomach

<0.035

16

ulceration/fistula

 

<10

11.2

 

Renal hilum/vascular trunk

<2/3 volume

10.6

malignant hypertension

Parallel tissue

Critical volume in cm3

Dose Max

Endpoint (> Grade 3)

Lung (Right & Left)

1000

7.4

Pneumonitis

Renal cortex (Right & Left)

200

8.4

Basic renal function

  1. a Avoid circumferential irradiation