From: Charged particle therapy for high-grade gliomas in adults: a systematic review
Study | Patients | Radiation modality | Evaluation criterion | Severe acute or late toxicity (≥ G3) | Common acute toxicity (G1–2) n (%) | Common late toxicity(G1–2) n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mizoe et al. [27] | 48 | Photon (50 Gy in 25 fractions) + Carbon ion boost (highest dose 24.8GyE in 8 fractions) | RTOG/EORTC | None | Alopecia 36 (75%) caused by XRT | Brain necrosis 4(8.3%) |
Kong et al. [25] | 50 | Proton (34–60GyE in 10–30 fractions) + Carbon ion boost (2–4GyE in 3–5 fractions) | CTCAE v.4.03 | None | Alopecia/Dermatitis 29 (76%) | Brain necrosis 11(22%) |
Adeberg et al. [14] | 66 | Photon (50 Gy in 25 fractions) + Proton boost (10GyE in 5 fractions) | CTCAE v.4.03 | None | Increased intracranial pressure 4(6%), Seizure 1(2%), Decreased fine motor skills 1(2%) | – |
Mizumoto et al. [17] | 23 | Photon (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) + Proton boost (46.2GyE in 28 fractions) | CTCAE v.3.0 RTOG/EORTC | None | Nausea or Headache 5(21.7%), Alopecia/Dermatitis 23(100%) | Brain necrosis 6(26%) |
Fitzek et al. [15] | 23 | Photon + Proton boost (median total dose 93.5CGE) | RTOG/EORTC | Cerebral edema 1(4.3%) | Nausea 8(34%), Dizziness 2(8.6%), Headache 2(8.6%), blurred vision 1(4.3%), Alopecia /Dermatitis 23 (100%) | Brain necrosis 23(100%) |
Tsujii et al. [13] | 13 | Photon + Proton boost | – | – | – | – |
Brown et al. [12] | 28(proton) 39(IMRT) | Proton (60GyE in 30 fractions) vs. IMRT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) | CTCAE v.4.03 | Proton: Hydrocephalus 1(3.6%) IMRT: Headache 1(2.6%) | Proton: Alopecia 19(67.9%), Fatigue 17(60.7%), Headache 8(28.6%); IMRT: Alopecia 29(74.4%), Fatigue 26(67%), Headache 19(48.7%) | – |
Vora et al. [11] | 63 | Proton (40–66GyE in 15–33 fractions) | CTCAE v.4.03 | Headache 1 (1.6%), Fatigue 1 (1.6%), Thrombocytopenia 1 (1.6%) | Alopecia/Dermatitis 63 (100%), Headache 63 (100%), ataxia 63(100%), confusion63(100%), insomnia63(100%) | / |