Charged particle therapy for high-grade gliomas in adults: a systematic review

Radiation Oncology

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Studies	Country	Study design	Time range	Surgery			Radiation modality	Chemotherapy	No. of patients	Median Follow-up(mo)	Charged particle technique summary
Studies	Country	Study design	Time range	GRS	SUB	BIO	Radiation modality	Chemotherapy	No. of patients	Median Follow-up(mo)	Charged particle technique summary
Tsujii et al. [13]	Japan (TSU)	Prospective	1983–1990	–	–	–	Proton ± Photon	No	13	–	NG
Fitzek et al. [15]	USA (MGH)	Prospective	1992–1996	9	13	1	Proton + Photon	NG	23	33	NG
Mizoe et al. [27]	Japan (NIRS)	Prospective	1994–2002	8	8	32	Photon + Carbon ion	ACNU	48	23	NG
Mizoe et al. [27]	Japan (TSU)	Prospective	2001–2009	0	15	8	Proton + Photon	TMZ or ACNU	23	–	Double-scattering proton therapy
Adeberg et al. [14]	Germany (HIT)	Retrospective	2011–2015	–	–	13[10]^b	Proton + Photon	TMZ^a	132	15	Proton beam: active raster-scan system
Vora et al. [11]	USA (Multi-institution)	Prospective	2009–2017	34	18	11	Proton alone	TMZ^a	63	15	NG
Kong et al. [25]	China (SPHIC)	Prospective	2015–2018	17	22	11	Proton + Carbon ion	TMZ^a	50	14.3	PRT/CIRT: 2–3 beams; Pencil-beam scanning system
Brown et al. [12]	USA (UT MDA)	Prospective	2013–2016	19(20)^b	5[17]	2(4)	Proton vs. IMRT	TMZ^a	67	48.7	IMPT: Multi-or single-field optimization; Passive or active-scatter technique

TSU University of Tsukuba; MGH Massachusetts General Hospital; NIRS National Institute of Radiological Sciences; HIT Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center; SPHIC Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center; UT MDA The University of Texas, MD Anderson Center; GRS Gross total resection, SUB Subtotal resection, BIO Biopsy; IMRT intensity modulated radiation therapy; ACNU Nimustine hydrochloride; TMZ Temozolomide; NG Not given concretely
PRT proton radiotherapy, CIRT carbon ion radiotherapy, IMPT intensity modulated proton therapy
^aTMZ guided by Stupp et al.
^bSurgery population of IMRT group

ISSN: 1748-717X