Table 1 The main characteristics of the included studies
From: Dose–effect relationship of stereotactic body radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients
First author (year) | Country | Study design | Treatment time | N | Male/female | Operable | Age | Immobilization and breath control | CTV/ITV delineation | PTV margin (mm) | Nominal/central/peripheral dose (Gy) | Fractions | Interval time | Treatment equipment | THC | Nominal/central/peripheral/average BED (Gy) | Median follow-up (m) | 3-years local control (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baumann (2009) [9] | Sweden | PS | 2003–2005 | 57 | 31/26 | No | 75 | SBF, AC | CTV = GTV + (1–2) | 5–10 in TP; 10 in LP | 45/66/45 | 3 | 2 days | LA, 6MV, 5–9 NCB or CB | Yes | 112.5/211.2/112.5/161.9 | 36 | 93 |
Fakiris (2009) [10] | U. S | PS | 2003–2008 | 34 36 | NR | No | NR | SBF | CTV = GTV | TP: 5; LP: 10 | 60/75/60 66/82.5/66 | 3 | NR | LA, 10–12 NCB | No | 180/262.5/180/221.3 211.2/309.4/211.2/260.3 | 50.2 | 88.1 88.1 |
Takeda (2009) [11] | Japan | RS | 2001–2007 | 63 | 40/23 | Both | 78 | NR | Long-scan-time CT | 6–8 | 50/62.5/50 | 5 | Total 5–7 days | LA, 10 arc dynamic conformal | Yes | 100/140.6/100/120.3 | 31 | 93.7 |
Baba (2010) [12] | Japan | PS | 2004–2008 | 85 37 | 54/31 29/8 | Both | 77 78 | Body Fix | Normal breathing, expiratory holding and inspiratory holding CTs, CTV = GTV | TP: 5; LP: 10 | 48/48/38.4 52/52/41.6 | 4 4 | Twice per week | LA, 3 CB and 4 NCB | Yes | 105.6/105.6/75.3/90.4 119.6/119.6/84.9/102.2 | 26 | 81 74 |
Ricardi (2010) [13] | Italy | PS | 2003–2007 | 62 | 52/10 | No | 73.7 | SBF | Long-scan-time CT, CTV = GTV | TP: 5; LP: 10 | 45/56.25/45 | 3 | 2 days | LA, 6–8 NCB | Yes | 112.5/161.7/112.5/137.1 | 28 | 87.8 |
Timmerman (2010) [14] | U. S | PS | 2004–2006 | 55 | 21/34 | No | 72 | NR | 4D-CT, CTV = GTV | TP: 5; LP: 10 | 54/67.5/54 | 3 | Total 1.5–2 weeks | LA, 4–10 MV | No | 151.2/219.4/151.2/185.3 | 34.4 | 97.6 |
Shirata (2012) [15] | Japan | RS | 2005–2009 | 45 | NR | NR | 77 | Vacuum pillow | Long-scan-time CT, ITV = GTV + 0 ~ 5 | PTV = ITV + 5–10 | 48/48/43.2 | 4 | 4–6 days | LA, NCB dynamic arcs | Yes | 105.6/105.6/89.9/97.7 | 30.4 | 100 |
Rosen (2014) [16] | U. S | PS | 2005–2010 | 20 59 | 33/46 | No | 73 | Body FIX, AC | 4D-CT, PET-CT fusion for GTV, 6–10 mm margin | 6 | 48/48/48 60/6060 | 5 | 1 day | Tomotherapy | NR | 105.6/105.6/105.6/105.6 132/132/132/132 | 27 | 85.0 96.6 |
Lindberg (2015) [17] | Sweden | PS | 2003–2005 | 57 | 26/31 | No | 75.2 | SBF, AC | CTV = GTV + 1 ~ 2 | TP: 5; LP: 10 | 45/67.2/45 | 3 | NR | LA, 6MV | NR | 112.5/217.7/112.5/165.1 | 41.5 | 91.8 |
Nagata (2015) [18] | Japan | PS | 2004–2008 | 164 | 120/44 | Both | 78 | NR | CTV = GTV | 5 | 48/48/42 | 4 | Total 4–8 days | LA, NCB or dynamic arc | Yes | 105.6/105.6/86.1/95.9 | 47/67** | 86.6 |
Navarro-Martin (2016) [19] | Spain | PS | 2008–2012 | 38 | 36/2* | No | 74 | Thermoplastic masks | 4D-CT | 6 | 54/70.2/54 | 3 | 8–14 | LA, 7 NCB or arcs | Yes | 151.2/234.4/151.2/192.8 | 36 | 94 |
Shaverdian (2016) [20] | U. S | RS | 2009–2013 | 110 | NR | NR | 75 | Vacuum pillow | 4D-CT, MIP | TP: 3; LP: 6 | 54/65.6/54 | 3 | 2 days | LA, CB and NCB | Yes | 151.2/209.0/151.2/180.1 | 28.9 | 100 |
Tsurugai (2016) [21] | Japan | RS | 2005–2014 | 155 | 99/56 | Both | 77 | SBF, AC | Long-scan-time CT | 5 | 48/48/42.2 | 4 | NR | LA, 6–7 NCB | Yes | 105.6/105.6/86.7/96.2 | 34.7 | 90.5 |
Sun (2017) [22] | U. S | PS | 2005–2013 | 65 | 32/33 | Both | 71.8 | Deep inspiration breath hold | 4D-CT, MIP | NR | 50/–/50 | 4 | NR | LA, 6–12 CB or NCB | NR | 112.5/–/112.5/– | 86 | 95.4 |
Cummings (2018) [23] | U. S | PS | 2007–2015 | 65 98 | 30/35 44/54 | NR | 76 77 | ITV > 0.5 cm: respiratory gating | CTV = GTV, 4D-CT | 5 | 30/–/30 50/50/40 | 1 5 | 1 fraction per day | LA, 11 NCB | No | 120/120/–/– 100/100/72/86 | 24 40 | 84.0 82.8 |
karasawa (2018) [24] | Japan | RS | 2003–2010 | 56 | 39/17 | No | 79 | SBF | Long-scan-time CT, margin 5 mm | 5 | 48/48/42 | 4 | Total 1 week | LA, 6MV | Yes | 105.6/105.6/86.1/95.9 | 127 | 78.2 |
Ma (2018) [25] | U. S | RS | 2007–2015 | 94 | 47/47 | NR | 76.2 | Expiration breath hold or free breathing 4D-CT | CTV = GTV, 4D-CT | 5 | 60/80/60 | 3 | 2 days | LA, 11 NCB | NR | 180/293.3/180/236.7 | 29.3 | 73.5 |
Raghavan (2018) [26] | U. S | RS | 2009–2014 | 140 | 25/24 | No | 70 + | Vacuum pillow | 4D-CT, MIP | TP: 3; LP: 6 | 54/67.5/54 | 3 | 2 days | LA, 6MV | No | 151.2/219.4/151.2/185.3 | 38.8 | 93.4 |
Bezjak (2019) [27] | Canada | PS | 2009–2013 | 38 33 | 15/23 13/20 | No | 71 72 | NR | 4D-CT | 4D-CT: 5; Non 4D-CT: TP: 5; LP: 10 | 57.5/71.9/57.5 60/75/60 | 5 | 2–3 days | LA, 3D-CRT or IMRT | Yes | 123.6/175.3/123.6/149.5 132/187.5/132/195.8 | 37.9 | 86.7 84.7 |
Nicosia (2019) [28] | Italy | RS | 2010–2017 | 44 | 29/15 | No | 75 | NR | 4D-CT | 4–5 | 30/31.6/30 | 1 | NR | LA, 7–9 beams | NR | 120/131.5/120/125.7 | 34 | 87.8 |
Devpura (2021) [29] | U. S | PS | NR | 55 | 29/26 | No | 75 | Free breathing | 4D-CT, CTV = GTV | TP: 3; LP: 6 | 48/50.5/48 | 4 | 2 days | LA | Yes | 105.6/114.3/105.6/114.3 | 24 | 93 |
Ryuno (2022) [30] | Japan | RS | 2010–2019 | 96 | 61/35 | Both | 77 | Vacuum pillow, RTS | 4D-CT | 2 | 54/72/54 | 3 | NR | Cyberknife | NR | 151.2/244.8/151.2/198 | 27 | 95.8 |