Table 2 Normal tissue complication probabilities for dose-optimized plans and reductions achieved by biological effectiveness guided optimization

Brainstem, necrosis

All

6.6 (0.7–18.0)

3.0* (0.5–8.6)

2.6* (0.4–8.0)

2.5* (0.6–6.0)

2.2* (0.2–7.0)

D_pres ≤ 54

2.6 (0.7–4.8)

1.5 (0.5–2.3)

1.4 (0.5–2.3)

1.4 (0.6–2.1)

1.0 (0.2–2.2)

D_pres > 54

10.6 (1.0–18.0)

4.5 (0.5–8.6)

3.8 (0.4–8.0)

3.6 (0.7–6.0)

3.5 (0.5–7.0)

Chiasm, blindness

All

16.8 (11.0–22.0)

8.8* (4.5–16.9)

7.7* (2.0–16.8)

9.5* (4.5–16.2)

10.7* (1.0–18.4)

D_pres ≤ 54

16.3 (11.0–21.0)

6.1 (4.6–16.9)

6.1 (2.0–16.8)

5.7 (4.5–16.2)

7.1 (2.0–16.2)

D_pres > 54

17.2 (12.0–22.0)

7.8 (4.5–10.7)

5.7 (2.3–8.0)

8.6 (4.9–10.9)

11.9 (1.0–18.4)

Opticus R, blindness

All

9.7 (0.2–20.0)

5.3* (0.2–9.0)

5.3* (0.2–10.4)

4.9* (0.2–10.0)

3.7* (0.1–16.5)

D_pres ≤ 54

5.4 (0.2–9.3)

2.0 (0.2–3.0)

2.8 (0.2–6.1)

2.8 (0.2–5.4)

1.7 (0.1–3.0)

D_pres > 54

13.0 (5.4–20.0)

6.2 (3.0–9.0)

5.6 (2.9–10.4)

6.4 (3.6–10.0)

9.2 (2.8–16.5)

Opticus L, blindness

All

11.2 (1.0–30.0)

5.2* (0.5–15.0)

4.8* (0.5–15.0)

4.9* (0.6–13.0)

6.0* (1.0–17.3)

D_pres ≤ 54

13.5 (6.2–30.0)

6.5 (2.8–15.0)

6.6 (3.6–15.0)

6.4 (2.8–13.0)

5.7 (2.8–13.0)

D_pres > 54

9.3 (1.0–27.0)

4.2 (0.5–12.0)

3.3 (0.5–8.0)

3.8 (0.6–9.0)

6.2 (1.0–17.3)