Fig. 1
Radiological images before and after carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) and dose distribution of Case 1. a Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before C-ion RT. The tumor (50 × 80 × 95 mm) was located in the left iliac bone and had good contrast enhancement (red arrow). b 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) before C-ion RT. The red arrow shows the tumor with abnormal FDG uptake. c Dose distribution on axial computed tomography images. The area within the red outline is the gross tumor volume of the osteosarcoma. The 95% (red), 90% (orange), 80% (yellow), 65% (green), 50% (blue), and 20% (purple) isodose curves are highlighted (100% = 70.4 Gy [relative biological effectiveness]). d FDG-PET 1 year after C-ion RT. FDG uptake was decreased compared to that before treatment (green arrow). (E) FDG-PET 5 years after C-ion RT. FDG uptake was decreased compared to that before treatment (green arrow)