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Table 3 Prognostic factors for overall survival and progression free survival

From: Optimal management of recurrent and metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Implications of intensity modulated radiation therapy

Variables

No. (%)

OS

PFS

Univariate

Mulitivariate

Univariate

Mulitivariate

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

Sex

 

0.98

0.909

  

1.04

0.833

  

 Male

120 (69)

(0.65–0.46)

   

(0.90–1.56)

   

 Female

54 (31)

        

Age

 

0.83

0.331

  

0.65

0.023

  

  ≤ 68

81 (46.6)

(0.58–1.20)

   

(0.45–0.94)

   

  > 68

93 (53.4)

        

ECOG

 

2.36

 < 0.001

  

1.55

0.081

  

 ECOG 0–1

140 (80.5)

(1.54–3.62)

   

(0.95–2.55)

   

 ECOG 2–3

34 (19.5)

        

Primary location

 

1.17

0.416

  

1.28

0.201

  

 Renal pelvis

87 (53)

(0.80–1.70)

   

(0.88–1.86)

   

 Ureter

77 (47)

        

Multifocality

 

1.1

0.855

  

1.06

0.831

  

 Yes

23 (13.2)

(0.62–1.79)

   

(0.62–1.80)

   

 No

151 (86.8)

        

Stage at diagnosis

 

1.95

 < 0.001

  

2.16

 < 0.001

1.81

0.02

 0–III

93 (54.7)

(1.35–2.84)

   

(1.49–3.12)

 

(1.10–2.99)

 

 IV

77 (45.3)

        

Tumor size

 

1.52

0.069

  

1.5

0.062

  

  < 4 cm

59 (46.8)

(0.97–2.37)

   

(0.98–2.30)

   

 ≥ 4 cm

67 (53.2)

        

Radical nephroureterectomy

 

1.69

0.015

  

1.24

0.365

  

Yes

135 (77.6)

(1.11–2.57)

   

(0.78–1.98)

   

No

39 (22.4)

        

Resection margin

 

1.18

0.575

  

1.17

0.61

  

Negative

95 (68.3)

(0.66–2.10)

       

Close or positive

44 (31.7)

        

Lymphovascular invasion

 

1.53

0.06

  

0.483

0.001

  

Yes

83 (62.4)

(0.98–2.40)

   

(0.32–0.74)

   

No

50 (37.6)

        

Perineural invasion

 

1.53

0.128

  

1.61

0.088

  

Yes

112 (84.2)

(0.89–2.65)

   

(0.93–2.77)

   

No

21 (15.8)

        

Histologic grade

 

1.39

0.521

  

0.68

0.301

  

Low

8 (5.3)

(0.51–3.78)

   

(0.33–1.41)

   

High

144 (94.7)

        

PD-L1

 

2.3

0.262

  

6.7

0.012

  

Negative

36 (83.7)

(0.54–9.90)

   

(1.53–29.43)

   

Positive

7 (16.3)

        

Concurrent chemotherapy

 

1.14

0.498

  

0.856

0.416

  

Yes

101 (58)

(0.78–1.67)

   

(0.59–1.25)

   

No

73 (42)

        

Interval between diagnosis to first recurrence

 

2.02

 < 0.001

  

1.7

0.005

  

 > 8 m

81 (48.8)

(1.37–2.98)

   

(1.18–2.45)

   

 ≤ 8 m

85 (51.2)

        

RT aim

 

3.46

 < 0.001

  

2.35

 < 0.001

  

Salvage

73 (42)

(2.31–5.20)

   

(1.61–3.42)

   

Palliative

101 (58)

        

RT methods

 

1.56

0.02

2.89

0.007

1.13

0.54

  

2D/3D

61 (35.1)

(1.07–2.26)

 

(1.33–6.28)

 

(0.76–1.68)

   

IMRT

113 (64.9)

        

RT responder

 

3.13

 < 0.001

2.76

0.008

2.55

 < 0.001

1.92

0.015

Yes

93 (68.4)

(1.98–4.94)

 

(1.30–5.87)

 

(1.70–3.84)

 

(1.13–3.26)

 

No

43 (31.6)

        

Total dose

 

1.64

0.009

  

0.62

0.006

  

 ≥ 45 Gy

81 (46.6)

(1.13–2.38)

   

(0.44–0.87)

   

 < 45 Gy

93 (53.4)

        

No. of metastatic organ

 

2.13

0.011

  

1.47

0.291

  

 < 3

102 (86.4)

(1.19–3.81)

   

(0.72–2.99)

   

 ≥ 3

16 (13.6)

        
  1. Factors related with survival were analyzed with the log-rank test for univariate analysis and the Cox hazards regression model with forward: conditional method for multivariate analysis
  2. RT radiotherapy, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, IMRT intensity modulated radiotherapy, 2D two-dimensional radiotherapy, 3D three-dimensional radiotherapy
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Radiation Oncology

ISSN: 1748-717X

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