References | Study design | Sample size | Intervention | Follow-up time (months) | Outcomes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCRT/CCT | LCCRT | |||||
Markovina et al. [20] | Prospective study | 138 | 25Â Gy in 5 fractions, 4 cycles FOLFOX, TME | median 45Â Gy in 25 fractions with concurrent CT, TME | 49.4/54.3 | OS, DFS, LRR, DMR, pCR rate, ypTNM, downstaging, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Chung et al. [21] | Retrospective study | 72 | 25Â Gy in 5 fractions with concurrent CT, 3 cycles CT, TME | 50.4Â Gy in 28 fractions with concurrent CT, TME | 25 | OS, DFS, LRR, DMR, pCR rate, downstaging, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Ciseł et al. [17] | Randomized controlled trials | 515 | 25 Gy in 5 fractions, 3 cycles FOLFOX4, TME | 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with concurrent CT, TME | 84.0 | OS, DFS, LRR, DMR, pCR rate, ypTNM, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Bahadoer et al. [9] | Randomized controlled trials | 912 | 25 Gy in 5 fractions, 6 cycles CAPOX or 9 cycles FOLFOX, TME | 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions with concomitant CT, TME | 55.2 | OS, DFS, LRR, DMR, pCR rate, ypTNM, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Thakur et al. [22] | Prospective study | 28 | 25Â Gy in 5 fractions, 2 cycles CT, TME | 45Â Gy in 25 fractions with concurrent CT, TME | 22.6 | OS, DFS, LRR, DMR, pCR rate, downstaging, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Aghili et al. [19] | Prospective study | 60 | 25 Gy in 5 fractions with concurrent XELOX, 3–4 weeks XELOX, TME | 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions with concomitant CT, 3–4 weeks XELOX, TME | 18 | pCR rate, downstaging, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |
Chakrabarti et al. [18] | Randomized controlled trials | 140 | 25 Gy in 5 fractions, 2 cycles XELOX, TME | 50–50.4 Gy in 25–28 fractions with concomitant CT, TME | N/A | pCR rate, downstaging, sphincter preserve rate, R0 resection rate, toxicity |