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Table 1 Results of SVR regression and deep model analysis of clinical profile data

From: DeepBeam: a machine learning framework for tuning the primary electron beam of the PRIMO Monte Carlo software

Case ID

Applied

Fields

Applied Profiles

Beam parameters

Mean absolute error between measured and reconstructed profiles [%]

1D Gamma passing rate between measured and reconstructed profiles [%]

SVR regression

EPRED, sPRED, aPRED

DL regression

EPRED, sPRED, aPRED

Final estimation

EFINAL, sFINAL, aFINAL

1

3 × 3 cm2

Depth profile

5.54 MeV, 0.0 cm, 1.97O

6.02 MeV, 0.0 cm, 2.35O

5.86 MeV, 0.0 cm, 2.44O

0.33

100.0

  

Lateral at Dmax

0.94

92.9

 

10 × 10 cm2

Depth profile

0.50

100.0

  

Lateral at Dmax

1.03

95.7

 

30 × 30 cm2

Lateral at Dmax

0.90

97.6

2

10 × 10 cm2

Depth profile

5.47 MeV, 0.23 cm, 2.08O

5.50 MeV, 0.18 cm, 2.41O

5.60 MeV, 0.25 cm, 2.39O

0.33

100.0

  

Lateral at 10 cm depth

0.41

100.0

 

30 × 30 cm2

Lateral at Dmax

0.49

98.6

  

Lateral at 10 cm depth

0.26

100.0

3

10 × 10 cm2

Depth profile

5.43 MeV, 0.24 cm, 1.95O

5.62 MeV, 0.27 cm, 2.47O

5.60 MeV, 0.24 cm, 2.41O

0.35

100.0

  

Lateral at Dmax

0.75

96.3

  

Lateral at 10 cm depth

0.40

99.4

 

30 × 30 cm2

Depth profile

0.26

100.0

  

Lateral at Dmax

0.43

98.1

  

Lateral at 10 cm depth

0.20

100.0

  1. The results for three experimental setups (Cases 1–3)) are reported in the table. The applied input fields and profiles are shown in columns 2 and 3. Values of PCA + SVR or DL- predicted beam parameters are shown in in columns 4, 5, and 6. The mean absolute differences between the measured profiles and profiles reconstructed using final estimation parameters, and the corresponding 1D gamma index passing rates for dose tolerance equal to 3% of dose at depth of maximum absorption and distance to agreement tolerance equal to 3 mm, are shown in columns 7 and 8