Table 2 Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy in recurrent patients with glioblastoma
From: Current status and recent advances in reirradiation of glioblastoma
| Â | Author | Pts | Interval between RT courses | SRT modality | Median dose/fractions | Imaging for planning | Target volume (ml) | CTV/PTV margins (mm) | Systemic therapy (No) | Median PFS (months) | Maedian OS (months) | EQD2 (Gy) | Cumulative EQD2 (Gy) | RN (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Grosu et al., 2005 [13] | 34 | 16 | LINAC | 30 Gy/6 fr | T1-w ce MRI; 50% MET-PET | 15 (1–61) | 3 mm | Adjuvant TMZ, 24 | NR | 8; SRT and TMZ, 11; SRT,6 (p = 0.04) | 52.5 | 112.5 | 7 |
|  | Gutin et al., 2009 [55] | 20 | 15 | LINAC | 30 Gy/5 fr | T1-w ce, DCE and DSC MRI | 34 (2–62) | 5 mm | BEV | 7.3 (4.4–8.9) | 12.5; 54% at 1 year | 60 | 120 | 0 |
|  | Henke et al., 2009 [56] | 29 | 20 | LINAC | 20 Gy/4–5 fr | T1-w ce MRI, some MET-PET | 52.7 (0.9–277) | 3–10 mm | TMZ or CCNU, 22 | NR | 10.2 (2–65) | 35 | 89–94 | 0 |
|  | Fokas et al., 2009 [57] | 53 | 12 | LINAC | 30–35 Gy/10 fr* | T1-w ce MRI | 35 (3–204) | 3 mm | ACNU or PVC, 25 | 9% at 1 year | 22% at 1 year | 0 | 91.5–102.1 | 0 |
|  | Fogh et al., 2010 [58] | 105 | 8 | LINAC | 35 Gy/10 fr* | T1-w ce MRI | 14; 33 after surgery | None | TMZ, 26; other CHT, 22 | NR | 11 | 48.1 | 108.1 |  < 1 |
|  | Minniti et al., 2011 [59] | 36 | 14 | LINAC | 37.5 Gy/15 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 32.1 (22.3–72.4) | CTV, 2–3 mm PTV, 2 mm | concomitant TMZ | 5; 42% at 6 m | 9.7; 33% at 1 year | 42.2 | 102.2 | 8 |
|  | Shapiro et al., 2012 [60] | 20 | 14.7 | LINAC | 30 Gy/5 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 35.3 (2.7–62.1) | 5 | BEV | 7.5 | 12.2 | 56.4 | 116.4 | 0 |
|  | McKenzie et al., 2013 [61] | 32 | 14.2 | LINAC | 30 Gy/6 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 8.5 (0.4–46.5) | 2–3 mm | None | NR | 8.6; 34% at 1 year | 60 | 120 | 9 |
|  | Minniti et al., 2013 [62] | 38 | 15.5 | LINAC | 30 Gy/5 fr | T1-w ce MRI; some F-DOPA-PET | 30.3; 12.3–53.4 | CTV, 2–3 mm PTV, 1–2 mm | daly TMZ | 6 24% at 1 year | 12.4; 53% at 1 year | 60 | 120 | 7 |
|  | Greenspoon et al., 2014 [63] | 31 |  > 3 | LINAC | 25–35 Gy/5 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 12 | 1 mm | TMZ | 7 | 9 months | 43.75–78.5 | 103.7–138.5 | 13 |
|  | Minniti et al., 2015 [64] | 42 | 14 | LINAC | 25 Gy/5 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 33.1; 10.3–72.4 | CTV, 5 mm; PTV, 1–2 mm | FTM, 23; BEV, 19 |  + BEV50% and + FTM18% at 6 m |  + BEV,30%; + FTM, 8.3% at 1 year | 43.7 | 103.7 | 7 |
|  | Youland et al., 2017 [65] | 26 | 20.9 | LINAC | 35–40 Gy/10 fr | T1-w ce MRI | NR | PTV, 0–2 mm | BEV | 2.6 | 4.9 | 48.2 | 108.2 | 4.3 |
|  | Palmer et al., 2018 [66] | 87 | 10.8 | LINAC | 35 Gy/10 fr* | T1-w ce MRI | 35 (18–41.3) | 2–5 mm | BEV before or after SRT | NR | 11.9 BEV before, 13.9 BEV after SRT | 48.2 | 108.2 | NR |
|  | Schernberg et al., 2018 [67] | 24 | 21.9 | LINAC | 45 Gy/18 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 104 (5.5–270) | CTV, 3 mm; PTV, 2 mm | BEV, 22 pts | 6.7 | 10.5 | 55.6 | 115.6 | 0 |
|  | Tsien et al., 2019 [68] | 170 | NR | LINAC | 35 Gy/10 fr | T1-w ce MRI | 53 (4–411) | 3–5 mm | BEV/SRT or BEV alone | 54% vs 29% at 6 m (p = 0.001) | BEV + SRT, 10.1 vs BEV, 9.7 (p = 0.5) | 48.1 | 108.1 | 0 |
|  | Chan et al., 2020 [12] | 51 | 21 | LINAC | 35–40 Gy/15 fr* | T1-w ce MRI + FLAIR images | 145.3 (10.6–432) | CTV, 5 mm PTV, 3 mm | BEV | NR | 7.5 | 37.6–46.6 | 96.7–106.6 | 4.4 |
|  | Kaul et al., 2020 [69] | 133 | 14 | LINAC | 41.8–49.4/12–15 fr* | T1-w ce MRI | 61.9 | 1–5 mm | TMZ, 58 | NR | 6 | 60.6–71.6 | 120.6–131.6 | 7.6 |
|  | Saeed et al., 2020 [70] | 45 | 20.2 | Proton | 42.6 Gy/20 fr | T1-w ce MRI | NR | NR | TMZ,16;BEV,4; both,10 | 13.9 (8.2–20) | 14.2 (9.6–16.9) | 47.1 | 107.1 | 8.8 |