Table 2 Putative pathomechanisms and therapeutic agents in radiation nephropathy

Oxidative Stress

N-Acetylcystein

Atorvastatin

Montelukast

Mouse, rat

Supporting evidence: [68,69,70,71]

Opposing evidence: [72,73,74,75]

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)

ACE-inhibitors

Aldosterone-antagonists

Human, mouse, rat

[76,77,78,79,80,81,82]

Cellular senescence (CS)

Rat

[83]

Inflammation

Montelukast

Mouse, tibet mini pigs, rabbits, primates

supporting evidence: [69, 84, 85]

opposing evidence: [56, 57, 86, 87]

Fibrosis

ACE-inhibitors

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids

Human

Mouse, primates

[76]

[56, 69]

Vascular dysfunction

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids

Human, mouse, rat

[88,89,90,91]