External application of liver compresses to reduce fatigue in patients with metastatic cancer undergoing radiation therapy, a randomized clinical trial

Table 2 Comparison of fatigue and other patient reported outcomes between the trial arms

	Intervention	Control	Mean difference* (I–C)	95% CI	p-value	Effect size (Partial η²)	Effect size (ω²)
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Lower	Upper
MFI subscales (T0–T2)	(n = 12)	(n = 12)
General Fatigue	1.08 (2.57)	−0.50 (3.75)	1.98	−0.65	4.60	0.132	0.110	0.062
Physical Fatigue	0.83 (4.17)	0.42 (4.74)	1.44	−1.60	4.48	0.336	0.046	−0.001
Reduced Activity	1.75 (2.96)	0.58 (4.68)	1.69	−1.08	4.45	0.218	0.075	0.027
Reduced Motivation	0.08 (3.06)	−2.58 (2.43)	2.14	0.17	4.12	0.035	0.204	0.158
Mental Fatigue	1.25 (3.31)	0.00 (4.09)	1.03	−0.87	2.92	0.273	0.060	0.012
Psychological Distress (T0–T2)	(n = 12)	(n = 12)
Distress	0.82 (2.27)	−0.15 (2.24)	1.08	−0.70	2.87	0.218	0.088	0.032

EORTC QLQ-C30 (T2–T0)	(n = 12)	(n = 12)
Global health status/QoL	6.94 (25.08)	5.56 (12.97)	2.66	−11.71	17.02	0.703	0.007	−0.040

MFI = multidimensional fatigue inventory; SD = standard deviation; I-C = Intervention group—Control group; CI = confidence interval; η² = Partial eta squared; ω² = Omega squared; VAS = visual analogue scale; EORTC = European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer; QLQ = quality of life questionnaire; QoL = quality of life; * Mean difference and 95%CI were calculated using ANCOVA with adjustment for baseline and RT sites (brain vs. bone)

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