From: Radiotherapy and the gut microbiome: facts and fiction
Study | Study subjects | Treatment | Bacterial identification | Key findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Manichanh et al. [15] | 10 patients undergoing pelvic RT | Pelvic RT 45–50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks | 16 s RNA | Patients exhibiting diarrhea showed a progressive modification in microbial diversity |
Nam et al. [16] | 9 patients with gynecological cancer, data of 6 healthy controls | Pelvic RT 50.4 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks | 16 s RNA | Most patient suffered diarrhea symptom with dramatic change of gut microbial community after radiotherapy |
Wang et al. [17] | 20 patients undergoing pelvic cancer radiotherapy, 2 sequential stool samples were collected before and just after radiotherapy | Pelvic RT 50.4 Gy/ 25 fractions/5 weeks | 16 s RNA | Microbial diversity, richness, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were significantly altered prior to radiotherapy in patients who later developed diarrhea |
Mitra et al. [18] | 35 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer | Definitive radiation therapy, including external beam RT and brachytherapy | 16 s RNA | Patients with high toxicity demonstrated different compositional changes during CRT in addition to compositional differences in Clostridia species |
Gerassy-Vainberg et al. [51] | Female C57BL/6 J mice | 4 fractions of 550 cGy with 24 h intervals | 16 s RNA | Adherent microbiota from RP differed from those in uninvolved segments and was associated with tissue damage |
Goudarzi et al. [52] | C57BL/6 J male mice | A whole-body dose of 0, 5 or 12 Gy X rays using an X-RAD 320 X-ray irradiator | 16 s RNA and metabolomics | Statistically significant changes in the microbial-derived products such as pipecolic acid, glutaconic acid, urobilinogen and homogentisic acid |
Riehl et al. [57] | FVB/N female mice and C57BL/6Jx129 COX-12/2, COX-22/2 mice | 14 Gy total body at 0.96 cGy/min | Metabolomics | Lipopolysaccharide is radioprotective in the mouse intestine through a prostaglandin-dependent pathway |
Riehl et al. [58] | C57BL/6 mice | 12 Gy total body gamma irradiation | Metabolomics | TNFR1 and COX-2 expression to subepithelial fibroblasts plays an intermediate role in LPS-induced radioprotection in the intestine |
Egan et al. [59] | Gene-targeted mice | 8 Gy gamma irradiation | Metatranscriptomics | Selective preactivation of NF-kappa B through IKK in intestinal epithelial cells could provide a therapeutic modality that allows higher doses of radiation to be tolerated during cancer RT |