Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox proportional-hazard)
Variable | TRUH1 | TRUH2 | OS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Univariate | ||||||
 Age, years | ||||||
  ≤ 60 | 0.76 (0.48–1.18) | .21 | 0.74 (0.35–1.56) | .42 | 0.63 (0.42–0.96) | .0288 |
  > 60–≤ 70 | 1.00 (0.64–1.58) | .99 | 1.07 (0.51–2.67) | .86 | 0.92 (0.60–1.40) | .6884 |
  > 70–≤ 80 | 1.43 (0.82–2.50) | .20 | 1.59 (0.65–3.91) | .30 | 1.40 (0.84–2.34) | .1937 |
  > 80 | 1.52 (0.61–3.75) | .35 | 0.80 (0.11–5.85) | .82 | 4.25 (2.26–7.99) | .0001 |
 ECOG PS at first consultation, (vs other PS) | ||||||
  0 | 0.95 (0.60–1.51) | .83 | 0.89 (0.41–1.91) | .76 | 0.64 (0.41–1.00) | .0475 |
  1 (vs others) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | .16 | 0.59 (0.28–1.26) | .17 | 1.05 (0.71–1.58) | .7939 |
  2/3 (vs others) | 1.99 (1.15–3.45) | .01 | 2.77 (1.23–6.27) | .01 | 2.01 (1.21–3.37) | .0061 |
 Alcohol abuse | ||||||
  Active | 1.16 (0.71–1.88) | .55 | 0.81 (0.36–1.83) | .60 | 1.23 (0.78–1.94) | .3783 |
  Active or in past | 1.59 (0.92–2.75) | .09 | 1.17 (0.48–2.85) | .72 | 1.33 (0.82–2.16) | .2475 |
  > 2 units a day (= median) | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) | .21 | 0.84 (0.30–2.35) | .73 | 1.06 (0.63–1.79) | .8203 |
 Smoking habits | ||||||
  Current smoker | 1.13 (0.70–1.82) | .61 | 0.94 (0.41–2.13) | .87 | 1.06 (0.68–1.66) | .7832 |
  Current or ex-smoker | 1.68 (0.74–3.92) | .20 | 3.39 (0.46–25.1) | .20 | 1.14 (0.59–2.21) | .7022 |
  > 40 pack-years (= median) | 1.94 (1.17–3.20) | .01 | 1.98 (0.81–4.85) | .12 | 1.01 (0.63–1.63) | .9615 |
 Tumor localization, yes (vs no) | ||||||
  Oral cavity | 1.06 (0.62–1.81) | .83 | 0.81 (0.31–2.12) | .67 | 0.80 (0.48–1.36) | .409 |
  Oropharynx | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | .19 | 0.75 (0.36–1.56) | .43 | 0.63 (0.42–0.95) | .026 |
  Hypopharynx | 1.43 (0.81–2.50) | .20 | 2.00 (0.86–4.69) | .10 | 1.81 (1.11–2.93) | .0149 |
  Larynx | 1.21 (0.66–2.23) | .53 | 0.79 (0.24–2.60) | .69 | 1.39 (0.81–2.38) | .2251 |
  Mixed | 0.80 (0.25–2.52) | .69 | 1.60 (0.38–6.73) | .56 | 1.81 (0.74–4.48) | .1878 |
 Surgery, yes (vs no) | ||||||
  Primary oncologic surgery | 0.72 (0.42–1.24) | .22 | 0.47 (0.16–1.34) | .15 | 0.79 (0.49–1.29) | .3395 |
  Neck dissection | 0.69 (0.44–1.07) | .09 | 0.47 (0.23–0.96) | .03 | 0.66 (0.44–0.99) | .0438 |
  Bilateral ND | 1.69 (1.08–2.64) | .00 | 1.75 (0.84–3.67) | .13 | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) | .7161 |
  Tracheostomy | 1.78 (1.15–2.77) | .01 | 2.58 (1.24–5.35) | .01 | 1.49 (0.98–2.25) | .0594 |
  pPEG | 1.46 (0.93–2.30) | .09 | 2.56 (1.09–5.99) | .02 | 1.24 (0.82–1.86) | .3003 |
  rPEG | 2.54 (1.48–4.33) | .00 | 1.75 (0.67–4.58) | .25 | 2.07 (1.25–3.43) | .0038 |
 Chemotherapy, yes (vs no) | ||||||
  Neoadjuvant | 1.53 (0.83–2.83) | .57 | 2.82 (1.20–6.60) | .01 | 1.26 (0.69–2.31) | .4535 |
  Concomitant | 1.22 (0.61–2.43) | .16 | 2.08 (0.50–8.76) | .30 | 0.59 (0.35–1.02) | .054 |
 Baseline BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
  ≤ 18.5 | 1.11 (0.27–4.54) | .89 | 1.46 (0.20–10.8) | .71 | 3.42 (1.23–9.50) | .0115 |
  > 18.5–< 25 | 0.70 (0.41–1.22) | .20 | 0.73 (0.30–1.73) | .46 | 0.94 (0.56–1.58) | .8135 |
  ≥ 25 | 1.39 (0.81–2.38) | .22 | 1.29 (0.55–3.02) | .55 | 0.88 (0.53–1.47) | .6231 |
Multivariate | ||||||
 Model 1 for TRUH1 | ||||||
  ECOG 2/3 | 1.73 (0.93–3.23) | .10 | – | – | – | – |
  > 40 pack-years | 1.94 (1.17–3.20) | .01 | – | – | – | – |
  Bilateral ND | 1.69 (1.02–2.78) | .04 | – | – | – | – |
Model 2 for TRUH2 | ||||||
  ECOG 2/3 | – | – | 2.77 (1.23–6.27) | .03 | – | – |
  pPEG | – | – | 2.06 (0.87–4.91) | .09 | – | – |
  Neoadjuvant CX | – | – | 3.27 (1.38–7.74) | .02 | – | – |
 Model 3 for OS | ||||||
  Age > 80 years | – | – | – | – | 4.25 (2.26–7.99) | .00 |
  ECOG 2/3 | – | – | – | – | 1.64 (0.94–2.85) | .10 |
  rPEG | – | – | – | – | 1.95 (1.18–3.25) | .02 |