Table 3 Prognostic factors for in-field, out-field control, and overall survival determined using univariable Cox regression analysis

In-field control

HR

95% CI

P-value

ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+))

0.16

0.00–0.48

0.036

 Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60)

1.02

0.39–2.69

0.966

 Sex (male vs. female)

1.09

0.45–2.78

0.857

 KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80)

1.44

0.51–4.07

0.496

 SVZ (free vs. involvement)

0.97

0.28–3.39

0.974

 Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes)

1.34

0.53–3.39

0.534

 Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy)

1.15

0.45–2.94

0.767

 Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV)

1.47

0.34–6.43

0.606

 MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated)

0.59

0.23–1.48

0.260

 Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%)

1.57

0.57–4.32

0.380

BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant)

1.46

0.51–4.19

0.485

PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant)

1.32

0.47–3.72

0.600

TERT status (wild-type vs mutant)

0.93

0.37–2.35

0.873

EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes)

1.98

0.74–5.34

0.176

TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant)

1.39

0.48–4.01

0.546

Out-field control

HR

95% CI

P-value

ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+))

0.92

0.35–2.40

0.862

 Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60)

1.58

0.68–3.71

0.290

 Sex (male vs. female)

0.95

0.40–2.26

0.909

 KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80)

1.36

0.55–3.39

0.506

 SVZ (free vs. involvement)

1.53

0.45–5.22

0.496

 Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes)

2.32

0.96–5.61

0.062

 Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy)

0.74

0.32–1.74

0.497

 Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV)

2.62

0.93–7.38

0.069

MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated)

0.49

0.21–1.14

0.098

 Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%)

1.35

0.55–3.33

0.511

BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant)

2.44

1.18–6.07

0.035

PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant)

0.96

0.35–2.62

0.939

TERT status (wild-type vs mutant)

0.48

0.20–1.14

0.096

EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes)

3.09

1.09–8.77

0.035

TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant)

1.80

0.67–4.83

0.246

Overall survival

HR

95% CI

P-value

ATM (mut(−) vs. mut(+))

0.77

0.27–2.15

0.615

 Age at diagnosis (< 60 vs. ≥60)

2.27

0.89–5.84

0.088

 Sex (male vs. female)

1.01

0.40–2.54

0.986

 KPS (90–100 vs. ≤80)

1.96

0.69–5.57

0.205

 SVZ (free vs. involvement)

1.55

0.36–6.79

0.559

 Gliomatosis (No vs. Yes)

1.74

0.68–4.46

0.246

 Extent of resection (subtotal vs. partial/biopsy)

0.74

0.30–1.84

0.518

 Pathology (WHO Grade II-III vs. WHO grade IV)

0.47

0.16–1.43

0.184

MGMT promoter (unmethylated vs methylated)

1.04

0.40–2.72

0.931

 Ki67 index (< 15% vs. ≥15%)

1.22

0.48–3.10

0.678

BRCA status (wild-type vs mutant)

2.78

1.05–7.36

0.039

PTEN status (wild-type vs mutant)

1.00

0.33–3.04

0.992

TERT status (wild-type vs mutant)

0.88

0.36–2.18

0.785

EGFR amplification (No vs. Yes)

1.78

0.67–4.72

0.249

TP53 status (wild-type vs mutant)

0.42

0.10–1.80

0.241