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Table 2 Systematic uncertainty (SU), as calculated by the mean, and random uncertainty (RU), as calculated by the root mean square deviation, for all imaging protocols, both 3- and 6- degrees of freedom (DoF) and all isocenters pooled (Units: cm and °/degrees). Bold numbers indicate statistically significant difference compared to skin-mark based setup

From: Residual positioning errors and uncertainties for pediatric craniospinal irradiation and the impact of image guidance

3DoF

SI

AP

ML

SU

RU

SU

RU

SU

RU

Translational

 - IGRT (nj)

0.18

0.26

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.05

 - IGRT (wj)

0.02

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.05

 - Skin

0.20

0.27

0.18

0.27

0.12

0.23

 - AL

0.20

0.26

0.13

0.22

0.07

0.20

 - NAL

0.18

0.32

0.09

0.28

0.07

0.24

6DoF

SI/Roll

AP/Yaw

ML/Pitch

SU

RU

SU

RU

SU

RU

Translational

 - IGRT (nj)

0.15

0.26

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.05

 - IGRT (wj)

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.05

 - Skin

0.20

0.26

0.19

0.31

0.14

0.27

 - AL

0.15

0.26

0.14

0.26

0.09

0.24

 - NAL

0.13

0.31

0.11

0.32

0.09

0.29

Rotational

 - IGRT (nj)

0.02

0.12

0.22

0.66

0.04

0.14

 - IGRT (wj)

0.02

0.12

0.02

0.05

0.04

0.14

 - Skin

0.39

0.91

0.27

0.67

0.42

0.86

 - AL

0.37

0.87

0.25

0.66

0.39

0.79

 - NAL

0.31

1.10

0.22

0.74

0.38

0.88

  1. Abbreviations: DoF Degrees of freedom, SI Superior-inferior, AP Anteroposterior, ML Medial-lateral, SU Systematic uncertainty, RU Random uncertainty, IGRT Image-guided radiotherapy, nj Narrow field junction, wj Wide field junction, AL Action level, NAL Non-action level