Fig. 2

The procedure of 3DNPT combined with MR-guided ¹²⁵I brachytherapy for recurrent glioblastoma. This patient had undergone surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide treatment before brachytherapy. a Preoperative design of 3DNPT. b The markers in the positioning template and the tumor were displayed in MRI. c The positioning template was placed and fixed on the scalp. d Twist-drill holes were made through drilling template. e Needles were punctured into the tumor through the puncturing template. f The position of needles could be displayed by the inoperative MRI