From: Patterns of recurrence in anal cancer: a detailed analysis
n (%) | |
---|---|
Age at diagnosis (years) | |
Mean; SD | 64.4; 9.3 |
Female gender | 137 (80.6) |
Staging | |
CT | 170 (100) |
PET | 165 (97.1) |
MRI | 156 (91.8) |
Tumor localization | |
Anal canal | 32 (18.8) |
Anal canal + rectuma | 48 (28.2) |
Anal canal + perianalb | 52 (30.6) |
Anal canal + rectum + perianal | 30 (17.6) |
Perianal | 5 (2.9) |
Rectum | 3 (1.8) |
T stagec | |
1. | 14 (8.2) |
2. | 83 (48.8) |
3. | 35 (20.6) |
4. | 38 (22.4) |
Lymph node metastasis, N + c | 88 (51.8) |
Site of lymph node metastasis | |
Inguinal | 65 (38.2) |
Internal iliac | 20 (11.8) |
External iliac | 21 (12.4) |
Mesorectald or presacral | 33 (19.4) |
Common iliac or para-aortic | 4 (2.4) |
Radiation dose, primary tumor | |
Mean; SD (Gy) | 59.0; 2.8 |
52–55 Gy | 28 |
56–60 Gy | 125 |
61–64 Gy | 17 |
Radiation dose, lymph node metastasis | |
Mean; SD (Gy) | 57.4; 4.8 |
40–50 Gy | 16 |
51–55 Gy | 10 |
56–60 Gy | 58 |
61–64 Gy | 4 |
Radiation dose, elective CTV | |
Mean; SD (Gy) | 44.7; 4.9 |
40–42 Gy | 38 |
46 Gy | 120 |
48.6 Gy | 12 |
Margin from GTVT to CTVT | |
< 1,5 cm | 9 (4.7) |
1,5 cm | 132 (77.6) |
> 1,5 cm | 29 (17.1) |
Margin from GTVN to CTVNe | |
≤ 0,5 cm | 38 (45.2) |
0,6–0,9 cm | 25 (29.8) |
≥ 1,0 cm | 21 (25.0) |
Included in elective CTVf | |
Inguinal | 167 (98.2) |
Internal iliac | 168 (98.8) |
External iliac | 157 (92.4) |
Presacral | 168 (98.8) |
Mesorectal | 169 (99.4) |
Ischiorectal fossa | 154 (90.6) |
Sacral hollows | 13 (7.6) |
Superior border of elective CTV | |
> 2 cm above iliac bifurcationg | 8 (4.7)h |
Within +/− 2 cm from iliac bifurcation | 114 (67.1) |
2,1–4 cm below iliac bifurcation | 33 (19.4) |
> 4 cm below iliac bifurcation | 15 (8.8) |
Radiation treatment time | |
Mean; SD | 41.5; 4.4 |
Median; range | 42.0; 35–69 |
Radiation technique | |
IMRT | 14 (8.2) |
Tomotherapy | 36 (21.2) |
VMAT | 120 (70.6) |
Induction chemotherapy | 10 (5.9)i |
Concomitant chemotherapy | 152 (89.4) |
2 cycles | 103j |
1 cycle | 49k |
+ cetuximabl | 8 |
Dose reduction of chemotherapy | 31 |
Stoma before start of radiotherapy | 23 (13.5%)m |
Salvage surgery | |
Indication locoregional recurrence | 16 (9.4%) |
Indication severe toxicity | 5 (2.9%) |