Management of orbital invasion in esthesioneuroblastoma: 14 years’ experience

Radiation Oncology

Table 2 Univariate analysis predicting OS, PFS, LRFS, DMFS

Variable	5-year OS		5-year PFS		5-year LRFS		5-year DMFS
Variable	%	p	%	p	%	p	%	p
Age
> 55	76.1	0.201	65	0.596	74.8	0.877	86.8	0.371
≤ 55	61.9	0.201	48.8	0.596	68	0.877	72.7	0.371
Sex
Male	70.4	0.461	56.4	0.739	65.9	0.168	84	0.101
Female	64	0.461	58.3	0.739	93.8	0.168	70	0.101
Degree of orbital invasion^a
Grade I	100	0.043^*	91.7	0.041^*	91.7	0.223	100	0.121
Grade II/III	61.4	0.043^*	49.2	0.041^*	66.8	0.223	75.7	0.121
Foote stage
C	72.3	0.026^*	61.7	0.046^*	73.9	0.449	84.6	0.009^*
D	50	0.026^*	37.5	0.046^*	64.3	0.449	57.1	0.009^*
Lymph node classification
N0	72.3	0.026^*	61.7	0.046^*	73.9	0.449	84.6	0.009^*
N+	50	0.026^*	37.5	0.046^*	64.3	0.449	57.1	0.009^*
Invasion of orbital apex or optic nerve
Yes	62.3	0.173	53	0.154	80.8	0.849	80.8	0.387
No	70.2		59.4		71.4		81.5
Chemotherapy
Yes	65.5	0.335	63.9	0.216	80.3	0.016^*	78.4	0.372
No	80.2	0.335	37.9	0.216	50.5	0.016^*	87.5	0.372
Surgical methods
Endoscopic group	73.8	0.796	54.5	0.358	68.1	0.268	84.6	0.8
Open group^b	67.7	0.796	46.2	0.358	59.2	0.268	80	0.8
Treatment methods
Radical radiation	63.5	0.847	69.3	0.394	83.9	0.407	83.1	0.885
Radiation + surgery	70.7	0.847	53.8	0.394	66.3	0.407	80.2	0.885
Type of radiotherapy
3D-CRT	60.2	0.077	46.9	0.032^*	67.7	0.277	71.6	0.028^*
IMRT	89.7	0.077	79.6	0.032^*	82.8	0.277	100	0.028^*
PENI
Yes	80.5	0.689	81.8	0.039^*	100	0.004^*	85.3	0.762
No	70.1	0.689	50	0.039^*	58.1	0.004^*	85.7	0.762

Abbreviation: OS overall survival, PFS progression free survival, LRFS locoregional relapse free survival, DMFS distant metastasis free survival, 3D-CRT three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, IMRT intensity-modulated radiotherapy, PENI prophylactic elective neck irradiation
^*Statistically significant, p < 0.05
^aGrade I, bone wall erosion; grade II, invasion of extraconal fat; grade III, involvement of extraocular muscles, eye globe, orbital apex, or optic nerve
^bOpen group included lateral rhinotomy and craniofacial resection

ISSN: 1748-717X