Table 1 Patient characteristics of training and validation cohort
|  |  | Training cohort (N = 67) | Validation cohort (N = 34) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age |  | 59.5 ± 11.6 | 62.5 ± 11.4 | 0.22a |
Sex | Male | 54 (80.6%) | 22 (64.7%) | 0.13b |
Female | 13 (19.4%) | 12 (35.3%) | Â | |
Clinical T stage | cT1–3 | 59 (88.1%) | 30 (88.2%) | 1.00b |
cT4 | 8 (11.9%) | 4 (11.8%) | Â | |
Clinical N stage | cN0 | 9 (13.4%) | 5 (14.7%) | 1.00b |
cN1–2 | 58 (86.6%) | 29 (85.3%) |  | |
Dworak TRG | 1 | 15 (22.4%) | 4 (11.8%) | 0.64b |
2 | 27 (40.3%) | 16 (47.1%) | Â | |
3 | 14 (20.9%) | 8 (23.5%) | Â | |
4 | 11 (16.4%) | 6 (17.6%) | Â | |
Pathologic T stage | ypT0–2 | 37 (55.2%) | 16 (47.1%) | 0.57b |
ypT3–4 | 30 (44.8%) | 18 (52.9%) |  | |
Pathologic N stage | ypN0 | 46 (68.7%) | 22 (64.7%) | 0.86b |
ypN1–2 | 21 (31.3%) | 12 (35.3%) |  | |
Initial CEA | ≤5 ng/mL | 42 (62.7%) | 24 (70.6%) | 0.57b |
> 5 ng/mL | 25 (37.3%) | 10 (29.4%) |  | |
Local recurrence | Yes | 8 (11.9%) | 2 (5.9%) | 0.54b |
No | 59 (88.1%) | 32 (94.1%) | Â | |
Distant metastasis | Yes | 16 (23.9%) | 6 (17.6%) | 0.64b |
No | 51 (76.1%) | 28 (82.4%) | Â |