Treatment outcomes of proton or carbon ion therapy for skull base chordoma: a retrospective study

Radiation Oncology

Table 4 Comparison of our findings with those of other studies

Author	Year	No.	F/U (m)	% of surgery^a	Radiotherpay	Total dose	fractionations	Dose/fraction	5y-LC	5y-OS	Late complications
Debus [6]	2000	37	27	89	XRT	66.6	37	1.8	50	82	Hemiparasis: 1 patient
Zorlu [7]	2000	18	43	61	XRT	60	30	2	23	35	N.A.
Sahgal [27]	2015	24	36	93	XRT	76	38	2	65	86	Grade 3 hearing loss: 1 patient Grade 3 Hypopituitarism: 1 patient Radiation induced secondory malignancy: 1 patient
Hug [11]	1999	33	33	95	PT	64.8–79.2	36–44	1.8	59	79	Brain stem toxicity: 8% at 5 years Temporal lobe injury: 13% at 5 years Optic neuropathy: 4.4%
Ares [12]	2009	42	38	100	PT	67–74	N.A.	1.8–2.0	81	62	Grade 3 or 4 optic neuropathy: 2 patients Central nervous system necrosis: 2 patients
Hayashi [13]	2016	19	60	100	PT	77.44–78.4 ^b	56–64	1.21–1.4	75	83	Temporal lobe necrosis: 1 patients
Schulz-Ertner [14]	2007	84	31	100	CIT	60–70	20	3.0–3.5	70	89	Grade 3 optic neuropathy: 4 patients Grade 3 necrosis of a fat plomb: 1 patient
Mizoe [15]	2009	19	33	N.A.	CIT	48–60.8	16	3.0–3.8	85	88	No patient experienced severe late toxicities.
Uhl [16]	2014	155	72	90	CIT	60	20	3	72	85	No patient experienced severe late toxicities.
This study	2018	11	86	36	PT	65.0–70.2	26	2.5–2.7	80	73	Grade 3 brain necrosis: 1 patient Grade 3 optic neuropathy: 1 patient
		13	56	77	CIT	57.6–74.0	16–37	2.0–3.6	92	100	Grade 3 brain necrosis: 1 patient Grade 4 bleeding: 1 patient

LC local control, OS overall survival, XRT photon therapy, PT proton therapy, CIT carbon ion therapy
^aIncluding total, subtotal and partial resection. Only biopsy is excluded
^bUsing hyperfractionation

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