Fig. 3

Baseline TGF-β1 and PDGF levels were higher, p < 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively, and both decreased significantly, p < 0.001, in patients with a ≥ 15% decrease in TAPSE compared with patients with a < 15% decrease in TAPSE. TGF-β1 levels were stable, but PDGF levels decreased significantly, p = 0.005, in patients with a < 15% decrease in TAPSE