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Fig. 1 | Radiation Oncology

Fig. 1

From: Overcoming hypoxia-induced tumor radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting DNA-dependent protein kinase in combination with carbon ion irradiation

Fig. 1

Oxygen effect after photon and carbon ion irradiation. a Schematic of the devised hypoxia chamber and 96-well cell culture plates setup for high-throughput clonogenic survival analysis in vertical photon and horizontal carbon ion beam direction. Hypoxia was continuously monitored by sensors for O2 and CO2 concentrations. b Clonogenic survival of the NSCLC cell line A549 irradiated under normoxia (black) and hypoxia (1% O2, red) with photons (solid line) and carbon ions (dashed line). In contrast to carbon irradiation, a significant ratio of survival fractions hypoxia vs. normoxia was found at doses ≥4 Gy after photon irradiation. Consequently, the RBE of carbon ions was enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Bars represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments with n:4 technical replicates each. SOBP: Spread-Out Bragg Peak, PMMA: Poly(methyl methacrylate) for tissue/water-equivalent thickness, arrows: beam direction, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01

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