Table 1 Effects of autophagy modifications on improving radiosensitivity or radiotherapy efficacy
From: Influence of autophagy on the efficacy of radiotherapy
Cancer type | Cell line | Autophagy agent (Induction (+)/ Inhibition (−)) | Autophagy pathway affected | Animal study (Yes (+)/ No (−)) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glioblastoma | T98G + U373MG | Rapamycin (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | - | Palumbo et al. [19] |
SU2 | NVP-BEZ235 (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) | - | Wang et al. [20] | |
U373MG | Chloroquine (−) | UPR (PERK) | + | Rouschop et al. [21] | |
Oral cancer | OC3 + SAS | Rapamycin (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | - | Wu et al. [24] |
Lung cancer | H460 | RAD001 (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | + | Kim et al. [25] |
H460 | Rapamycin (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | + | Kim et al. [26] | |
CDDP-Resistant H460 | NVP-BEZ235 (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) | - | Kim et al. [27] | |
Breast cancer | MDA-MB-23 + MCF-7 | RAD001 (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | - | Albert et al. [29] |
MCF-7 | Rapamycin (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | - | Paglin et al. [13] | |
Oesophageal cancer | EC109 | Tunicamycin (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (ER stressor) | + | Pang et al. [30] |
Pancreatic cancer | MIA PaCa-2 + PANC-1 | MG132 (+) | MAPK (JNK) (Proteasome inhibitor/ ER stressor) | + | Chiu et al. [32] |
Colorectal cancer | HCT-116 | BCG/CWS (+) | MAPK (JNK/ERK) | + | Yuk et al. [33] |
HCT-116 + HT-29 | Chloroquine (−) | UPR (PERK) | + | Rouschop et al. [21] | |
Prostate cancer | Biopsy specimens | MG132 (+) | MAPK (JNK) (Proteasome inhibitor/ ER stressor) | - | Koukourakis et al. [34] |
DU145 + PC3 | RAD001 (+) | PI3K-Akt-mTOR (mTOR inhibitor) | - | Cao et al. [35] |