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Table 2 Prognostic tools relating to brachytherapy

From: An appraisal of analytical tools used in predicting clinical outcomes following radiation therapy treatment of men with prostate cancer: a systematic review

Author

Model type

Variables

Variable readily available?

Validation (I/E)

Accuracy

Metric

Sample size (events)

Outcome

Treatment

Frank [25]

Survival (Nomogram presented)

Biopsy gleason score, clinical stage, EBRT, pre-treatment PSA,

Yes

External validation of Prostogram

0.49; 95% CI 0.37–0.61

c-index

208 (15)

5 year BFFF

Brachytherapy

Kaplan [12]

Survival (Nomogram presented)

Kattan’s: Pretreatment PSA level, Gleason score, clinical stage, adjuvant EBRT

Yes

External validation of Kattan

0.51

c-index

747 (31)

BFFF

125 iodine brachytherapy

Frank [47]

Survival (Nomogram presented)

Pretreatment PSA level, Gleason sum score, T stage, and EBRT

Yes

External validation of Prostogram

0.66

c-index

683 (29)

BCF

Brachytherapy

Zelefsky [10]

Proportional hazards regression (Nomogram presented)

Clinical stage, Gleason, pretreatment PSA

Yes

Not stated

0.70

c-index

1466 (NR)

BCF

Brachytherapy

Potters [16]

Survival (Cox,Nomogram presented)

Clinical stage, Biopsy Gleason sum, Isotope used, EBRT, D90, pretreatment PSA

No, includes isotope used, D90

Internal (bootstrapping)

0.71

c-index

5931 (NR)

9-year BFFF

Brachytherapy

D’Amico [42]

Survival Model (Fine and Gray)

Year of brachytherapy, Log (PSA)per unit increase, Gleason score, Age

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

221 (32)

PCSM and presence of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer

Brachytherapy

Sylvester [57]

Survival model (Cox)

PSA only (<10, 10.1–19.9, >20)

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

215 (NR)

15 year BFFF

Brachytherapy

Sylvester [57]

Survival model (Cox)

PSA only (<10, 10.1–19.9, >20)

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

215 (NR)

15 year PCSM

Brachytherapy

Sylvester [57]

Survival model (Cox)

PSA only (<10, 10.1–19.9, >20)

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

215 (NR)

15 year OS.

Brachytherapy

Bittner [27]

Survival model (Cox)

Number of biopsy cores, PSA, Gleason score, % positive biopsies, V100, EBRT, Risk group, hypertension, Tobacco use, perineural invasion

No, tobacco use, V100, hypertension included.

Not stated

Not stated

NA

1613 (NR)

BFFF

Brachytherapy

Bittner [27]

Survival model (Cox)

PSA, Gleason score, % positive biopsies, EBRT, Risk group, hypertension

No, hypertension

Not stated

Not stated

NA

1613 (NR)

PCSM

Brachytherapy

Bittner [27]

Survival model (Cox)

Number of biopsy cores, age at implant, BMI, V100, D90, EBRT, Risk group, hypertension, diabetes, Tobacco use

No, BMI, V100, D90, hypertension, diabetes included

Not stated

Not stated

NA

1613 (NR)

OS

Brachytherapy

Cooperberg [39]

Survival model (Cox)

CAPRA scores (based on PSA, Biopsy Gleason, Age at diagnosis, clinical tumour stage and % biopsy cores positive for cancer)

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

1441 (17)

PCSM

Brachytherapy

Yoshida [15]

Survival model

PRIX score derived from PSA, Gleason and clinical stage

Yes

External

Not stated

NA

100 (9)

5 year BCF

HDR-ISBT

Yoshida [15]

Survival model

PRIX score derived from PSA, Gleason and clinical stage

Yes

External

Not stated

NA

100 (9)

5 year OS

HDR-ISBT

Marshall [11]

Survival model (Cox)

Age, Risk group, hormone treatment, Total BED

Yes

Not stated

Not stated

NA

2495 (251)

BCF

Brachytherapy

  1. Abbreviations OS overall survival, BCF bio chemical failure, BFFF bio chemical freedom from failure, PCSM prostate cancer specific mortality, HDR-ISBT high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy, EBRT external beam radiotherapy, NR not reported, NA not applicable