Fig. 3From: VE-821, an ATR inhibitor, causes radiosensitization in human tumor cells irradiated with high LET radiationCarbon ions with VE-821 caused multiple micronuclei formation in tumor cells. a U2OS cells were pre-treated with 1 μM VE-821 or DMSO for 1 hour before irradiation, and were irradiated with 1 Gy of carbon ions, or 1 or 2 Gy of X-rays. They were treated with cytochalasin-B (2 μg/ml) immediately after irradiation and incubated for 24 hours. Nucleus and β-actin were stained with DAPI and anti-β-actin antibody. 500 binucleated (BN) cells were scored each time, and this was repeated three times (1500 BN cells were scored in total). Asterisk(s) in this figure means statistically significant (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01) when the data under the bar were compared. b Microscopic images of U2OS cells irradiated with 1 Gy of carbon ions and VE-821. Cellular nuclei were stained with DAPI, and β-actin was stained with anti-β-actin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 antibody to detect the cellular surfaces. c Percentages of BN cells with micronuclei were shown as a function of micronucleus number. d The number of micronuclei in a BN cell was counted in U2OS and 1BR-hTERT cells with the combination of 2 Gy of X-ray irradiation and DMSO or VE-821 treatment. Error bars represent SEM of at least three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate the same meaning as in Fig. 3a Back to article page