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Table 4 Integration of the summary the DVH analysis for the clinical cases of the two open-loop validations

From: Assessment of a model based optimization engine for volumetric modulated arc therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular cancer

Validation on the independent sample of 25 patients

Clinical plans

Open-loop validation I

Open-loop validation II

p

PTV: Mean [%]

100.0 ± 0.0

100.0 ± 0.0

100.0 ± 0.0

I: NS

[0.0-0.0]

[0.0-0.0]

[0.0-0.0]

II: NS

PTV: D1% [%]

106.8 ± 2.4

107.6 ± 2.3

105.4 ± 1.0

I:<0.05

[103.5-114.3]

[104.3-112.6]

[103.1-107.0]

II:<0.05

PTV: D99% [%]

90.0 ± 2.5

90.2 ± 3.7

92.8 ± 3.8

I:NS

[82.6-93.5]

[79.4-94.8]

[80.4-95.9]

II:<0.05

PTV: HI

0.13 ± 0.04

0.12 ± 0.04

0.08 ± 0.02

I:NS

[0.07-0.23]

[0.06-0.20]

[0.05-0.15]

II:<0.01

PTV: CI

1.11 ± 0.07

1.08 ± 0.05

1.05 ± 0.04

I:<0.05

[1.05-1.21]

[1.01-1.13]

[1.00-1.11]

II:<0.01

Normal liver: Mean dose [Gy]

15.6 ± 5.5

15.4 ± 5.1

16.4 ± 5.4

I: NS

[5.8-23.5]

[6.2-23.0]

[6.9-23.8]

II: <0.05

Spine: Mean dose [Gy]

9.2 ± 4.5

8.2 ± 4.9

6.6 ± 3.5

I: <0.05

[1.0-19.7]

[0.9-19.9]

[0.8-15.5]

II: <0.01

Left kidney Mean dose [Gy]

3.9 ± 3.1

2.5 ± 2.1

2.0 ± 1.7

I: <0.01

[0.2-12.7]

[0.2-9.2]

[0.1-7.5]

II: <0.01

Right kidney Mean dose [Gy]

7.9 ± 5.8

6.3 ± 4.8

5.6 ± 4.0

I: <0.01

[0.7-18.9]

[0.6-14.6]

[0.8-12.6]

II: <0.01

Stomach Mean dose [Gy]

10.9 ± 2.9

9.2 ± 4.5

9.4 ± 3.5

I: <0.05

[5.8-16.1]

[3.8-20.8]

[3.6-15.9]

II: <0.05

Esophagus: Mean dose [Gy]

17.8 ± 8.2

13.9 ± 7.4

10.9 ± 3.9

I: <0.05

[4.9-38.2]

[3.8-34.1]

[4.6-18.0]

II: <0.01

Body-PTV: V10Gy [%]

17.1 ± 8.1

16.7 ± 7.9

16.8 ± 7.6

I: <0.10

[2.6-31.5]

[2.6-32.9]

[3.1-32.3]

II: <0.10

  1. For the PTV, conformity Index CI is defined as the ration between V95% and PTV. Homogeneity index HI is defined as (D5-D95)/Mean.
  2. VxGy Volume receiving at least XGy, D Y% (D ycm3 ) dose delivered to at least Y% (or cm3) of the volume. CI Conformity Index, HI homogeneity Index, NS not significant. I: clinical vs. Open-loop I; II: clinical vs. Open-loop II.