Table 1 Effectiveness comparison for various histologies by anatomical location between Standard of Care (SOC) and Carbon Ions
From: Bringing the heavy: carbon ion therapy in the radiobiological and clinical context
| Site | No. of carbon ion studies | 5-year LC range | Toxicity range (late ≥ GIII injury) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOC | Carbon | SOC | Carbon | |||
| Intracranial | ||||||
| Glioma | 2 | < 20% | - | Location dependent | - | Trials ongoing§† |
| Meningioma | 2 | 80-90% | - | Location dependent | - | Trials ongoing§‡ |
| Head and Neck | ||||||
| Adenoid cystic | 3 | 27-72% | 26-96% | 0-12.9% | 0-17% | [141, 142] |
| Bone/soft tissue sarcoma | 2 | 43-70% | 24-73% | 0% | 2-18.5% | [20, 140, 143–147] |
| Skull base | 3 | 46-73% | 82-88% | 0-7% | 0-5% | [117–121, 148] |
| Thorax | ||||||
| NSCLC | 4 | 80-97% | 90-95% | 0-15% | 3% (pneumonitis) | [21, 149] |
| Abdomen and Pelvis | ||||||
| HCC | 4 | 75-96% | 81-96% | 7-22% | 3-4% | [21, 130–133, 150] |
| Pancreas | 2 | 10-20% | 66-100% | 1.8-20% | 7.7% | [136, 151–153] |
| Prostate | 2 | 80-95%** | 87-99%* | 4-28% | 0.1-25% | [21, 24, 154–159] |
| Rectal cancer | 1 | 24-28% | 95% | 14-27% | - | [21, 160–162] |
| Cervix cancer | 1 | 20% | 53% | 0-10.6 | 9.6-18.2% | [163–165] |
| Sacral chordoma | 1 | 55-72% | 88% | 17.6% | 5.9%-17.9% | [166–168] |
| Chondrosarcoma | 1 | 20-40% | 60% | - | - | [167, 168] |