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Table 1 Results of univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for freedom from locoregional recurrence in patients with resected N1 non–small cell lung cancer

From: Risk factors for locoregional recurrence in patients with resected N1 non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study to identify patterns of failure and implications for adjuvant radiotherapy

Patient characteristics and treatments

No. of patients

Univariate analysis FFLR (%)

Multivariate analysis

  

3-yr

5-yr

P

χ2

P

HR (95% CI)

Sex

       

  Male

164

81.2

78.1

0.934

0.007

  

  Female

35

78

72.4

    

Age (yrs)

       

  <65

144

79

78.2

0.942

0.005

  

  ≥65

55

85.6

74.7

    

Smoking history

       

  No

143

69

66.6

0.026

4.958

0.388

0.735 (0.365–1.479)

  Yes

56

85.3

81.5

    

Diabetes

       

  No

184

80.8

77

0.787

0.073

  

  Yes

15

80

80

    

Tumor type

       

  Peripheral

89

78.5

74.1

0.267

1.233

  

  Central

110

82.4

79.9

    

Location

       

  Upper

114

78.5

77.4

0.868

0.028

  

  Middle/lower lobe

85

83.8

77.3

    

Laterality

       

  Left

103

81

81

0.243

1.363

  

  Right

96

80.5

73.7

    

Surgical procedure

       

  Pneumonectomy

54

83.1

80.3

0.662

0.191

  

  Lobectomy

145

79.9

76.2

    

Histology

       

  Squamous cell

101

81.8

80.5

0.201

1.633

  

  Non-squamous cell

98

79.3

73.2

    

Tumor differentiation

       

  Well/Moderate

156

80.1

75.3

0.497

0.462

  

  Poor

43

81.6

73.9

    

Pathological stage

       

  T1

63

81.4

77.5

0.935

0.135

  

  T2

92

79.9

78.5

    

  T3

44

81.4

74.2

    

Tumor size

       

  ≤5 cm

147

82.6

79.9

0.214

1.545

  

  >5 cm

52

75.3

70

    

Visceral pleural invasion

       

  No

82

88

86.3

0.025

5.025

0.075

1.882 (0.937–3.778)

  Yes

117

75.7

71

    

LVI

       

  No

145

83.6

79.9

0.088

2.905

0.213

1.506 (0.79–2.869)

  Yes

54

72.9

69.6

    

Bronchoscopy

       

  Negative/not done

88

77.3

72.7

0.080

3.063

0.721

0.873 (0.415–1.836)

  Positive

111

83.5

81.1

    

Adjuvant chemotherapy

       

  No

41

86.1

75.3

0.975

0.001

  

  Yes

158

79.5

77.9

    

No. of dissected LNs

       

  ≤23

121

74.4

71.1

0.007

7.981

0.14

0.539 (0.238–1.224)

  >23

78

91.1

87.6

    

No. of metastatic LNs

       

  1

88

83.5

82

0.182

1.785

  

  ≥2

111

78.7

73. 7

    

LNR

       

  ≤10%

119

86.6

84.1

0.027

4.871

0.976

1.011 (0.506–2.017)

  >10%

80

73.8

69.1

    

Dissection of MLN

       

  IMD

113

73.2

68.5

0.001

11.58

0.003

0.309 (0.142–0.671)

  CMD

86

90.7

89

 

1

  

No. of metastatic LN stations

       

  1

138

81.7

79.9

0.154

2.032

  

  ≥2

61

78.4

70.5

    

Positive LNs at station 10

       

  Yes

54

68.5

65.9

0.01

6.724

0.046

0.527 (0.281–0.989)

  No

145

85.3

81.7

    
  1. FFLR, freedom from locoregional recurrence; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; LN, lymph node; LNR, lymph node ratio; MLN, mediastinal lymph node; CMD, complete MLN dissection and examination; IMD, incomplete MLN node dissection or examination.
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Radiation Oncology

ISSN: 1748-717X

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