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Table 1 Type, description and total number of ICD errors caused by the secondary neutron from 107 Gy proton beam irradiation for each of four ICDs (Marquis DR 7274, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN)

From: Influence of secondary neutrons induced by proton radiotherapy for cancer patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators

Type of error

Explanation

Change in frequency and pulse width

Alarm is sounded

ICD reprogramming

Number of sessions detected by the programmer

Number of errors revealed by analysis of the ICD data logs

Hard error

The ICDs stop generating pulses permanently.

Yes

No

Impossible

0

0

Soft error

    

13

29

   Power-on reset

The ICDs present sudden complete failure and switch over to the safety backup mode.

Yes

Yes

Necessary

8

8

   Partial electrical reset

The ICDs show no change in mode of pacing.

No

Yes

Unnecessary

5

7

   Minor error

The ICDs show no change in mode of pacing.

No

No

Unnecessary

0

14

  1. Abbreviation: ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator