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Table 4 Prognostic factors in patients underrepresented in large studies (minimum number of patients n = 20)

From: Prognostic indices for brain metastases – usefulness and challenges

Author

Population

Significant prognostic factors

Ogawa et al.60

esophageal cancer, n = 36

KPS, aggressive local treatment (multivariate)

Weinberg et al.61

esophageal cancer, n = 27

no liver metastases, RPA class I (trend, p = 0.1, multivariate)

Khuntia et al.62

esophageal cancer, n = 27

KPS, aggressive local treatment (multivariate)

Cohen et al.63

ovarian cancer, n = 72

aggressive local treatment

Cormio et al.64

ovarian cancer, n = 22

extracranial disease, time to development of brain metastases

Growdon et al.65

gynaecological cancers, n = 30

extracranial disease, histology, use of chemotherapy (multivariate)

Tremont-Lukats et al.66

prostate cancer, n = 103

adenocarcinoma vs other histology

Rades et al.24

unknown primary, n = 101

KPS, extracranial metastases, RPA class

Bartelt and Lutterbach67

unknown primary, n = 47

KPS, surgical resection status (multivariate)

Ruda et al.68

unknown primary, n = 33

number of brain metastases (multivariate)

Kim et al.69

patients ≥ 75 years, SRS treatment, n = 44

single brain metastasis, NSCLC vs other primary

Noel et al.70

patients ≥ 65 years, SRS treatment, n = 117

KPS (multivariate)

  1. WBRT: whole-brain radiotherapy, KPS: Karnofsky performance status, RPA: recursive partitioning analysis, SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery, NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer