Table 1 Overview of experimental studies of central nervous system (CNS) radioprotection
Reference | Animals | CNS region | RT schedule | AF schedule | Follow-up | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guelman et al. [88] | Neonatal Wistar rats | Cephalic end | 1 × 5 Gy | Subcutaneously 100 mg/kg | 30 days (90 days for 1 endpoint) | Sign. protection |
Alaoui et al. [89] | Young Sprague-Dawley rats | Whole body (brain) | 1 × 2.5 Gy | Intraperitoneal 75 mg/kg | 6 hours | No sign. protection |
Lamproglou et al. [90] | Young Wistar rats | Whole brain | 10 × 3 Gy | Intraperitoneal 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg | 7.5 months | 37.5 mg/kg not effective; 150 mg/kg caused 34% mortality; 75 mg/kg reduced memory dysfunction |
Plotnikova et al. [91, 92] | Adult Wistar rats | Whole brain | 1 × 25 Gy (earlier study with 40 or 60 Gy) | Intraperitoneal 300 mg/kg | 18 months | Protection against vascular damage, necrosis and death after 25 Gy only |
Spence et al. [93] | Adult F-344 rats | Spinal cord | 1 × 20–38 Gy | Intrathecal 0.33 mg | 36 weeks | Protection with DMF 1.3 |
Nieder et al. [94] | Adult F344 rats | Spinal cord | 2 fractions, high dose | Intrathecal 0.3 mg | 12 months | No sign. protection |
Nieder et al. [94] | Adult F344 rats | Spinal cord | 2 fractions, high dose | Subcutaneous 200 mg/kg | 12 months | Protection at 36 Gy-level |
Nieder et al. [43] | Adult F344 rats | Spinal cord | Single fraction, high dose | Intrathecal 0.3 mg plus s.c. IGF-1 | 12 months | Protection with DMF 1.07 |
Andratschke et al. [44] | Adult F344 rats | Spinal cord | 2 fractions, high dose | Intrathecal PDGF as sole treatment | 12 months | Protection with DMF 1.05 |